13 citations,
January 2015 in “Toxicology Letters” Finasteride affects UGT1A4 enzyme, but not enough to cause issues when combined with other drugs.
June 2022 in “Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences” Higher testosterone harms sperm motility, while higher estradiol improves sperm survival.
16 citations,
August 2014 in “International Journal of Women's Health” The estradiol valerate/dienogest oral contraceptive helps with heavy periods, may improve acne and symptoms in PCOS, and doesn't affect sexual function.
1 citations,
May 2014 in “European Journal of Inflammation” A lotion with minoxidil, hydrocortisone butyrate, and 17a-estradiol can improve or stabilize Frontal Fibrosing Alopecia in some cases, but there's no universally-accepted treatment yet.
26 citations,
February 2009 in “Drug Development Research” 17α-estradiol is a safe estrogen that might protect the brain and doesn't cause feminization, needing more research for treating brain diseases.