13 citations,
January 2015 in “Toxicology Letters” Finasteride affects UGT1A4 enzyme, but not enough to cause issues when combined with other drugs.
June 2022 in “Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences” Higher testosterone harms sperm motility, while higher estradiol improves sperm survival.
16 citations,
August 2014 in “International Journal of Women's Health” The estradiol valerate/dienogest oral contraceptive helps with heavy periods, may improve acne and symptoms in PCOS, and doesn't affect sexual function.
1 citations,
May 2014 in “European Journal of Inflammation” A lotion with minoxidil, hydrocortisone butyrate, and 17a-estradiol can improve or stabilize Frontal Fibrosing Alopecia in some cases, but there's no universally-accepted treatment yet.
26 citations,
February 2009 in “Drug Development Research” 17α-estradiol is a safe estrogen that might protect the brain and doesn't cause feminization, needing more research for treating brain diseases.
21 citations,
January 2003 in “Skin pharmacology and physiology” Different skin cells process testosterone differently, and certain drugs can change this process, possibly helping treat acne and hair loss.
18 citations,
March 2002 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” Estrogen increases blood vessel growth factor production, while testosterone blocks this increase.
11 citations,
April 2017 in “The European Journal of Contraception & Reproductive Health Care” Cyproterone acetate with ethinyl estradiol is effective for treating skin symptoms related to high androgen levels, like in PCOS.
9 citations,
May 2019 in “Experimental Cell Research” HPV genes and estradiol increase a cancer-related signaling pathway, which may be targeted for cervical cancer treatment.
8 citations,
April 1990 in “Hormone and Metabolic Research” The medication combination did not affect glucose tolerance but increased some cholesterol levels due to its estrogen component.
5 citations,
April 2018 in “Journal of Dermatological Science” Adjusting estradiol-ANGPT2 levels can promote hair growth in female pattern hair loss.
36 citations,
May 2017 in “The journal of sexual medicine” Cyproterone acetate treatment is safe and causes mild feminization, which increases with added estrogen.
34 citations,
November 2017 in “Gynecological Endocrinology” A transwoman developed a brain tumor after nine years of hormone therapy, suggesting a possible link between the treatment and tumor development.
32 citations,
December 1999 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings” 17-β-Estradiol applied to the skin stops hair growth, while ICI 182 780 helps hair grow in mice.
10 citations,
January 2010 in “Indian journal of dermatology, venereology, and leprology” Long pulsed Nd: YAG laser is safe and effective for long-term hair reduction in darker skin types.
6 citations,
February 2021 in “Journal of Ovarian Research” 150 kHz electromagnetic radiation might help improve PCOS in rats.
August 2019 in “Journal of archaeological science: Reports/Journal of archaeological science: reports” Ancient hair can preserve hormones, revealing health and fertility insights.
August 2016 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” 9 citations,
August 1952 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” A 17-year-old female with adrenogenital syndrome produces very high levels of androgens, which prevent complete feminization despite high estrogen doses.
1 citations,
May 2019 in “The Journal of Sexual Medicine” Spironolactone may cause sexual pain and arousal issues in women, which can improve after stopping the drug and using hormone cream.
37 citations,
May 2018 in “Transgender health” Oral estradiol works for many transgender women but needs personalized dosing and monitoring.
25 citations,
May 2021 in “Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology/Journal of exposure science and environmental epidemiology” Common Black hair care products may affect hormone levels and potentially impact health, especially in reproductive and metabolic areas.
7 citations,
May 2012 in “International Journal of Andrology” The new oral testosterone pill normalized testosterone levels and lowered SHBG in men with low testosterone.
12 citations,
December 2020 in “Comprehensive psychoneuroendocrinology” Hormone levels in hair change during pregnancy, with progesterone increasing significantly compared to non-pregnant women.
56 citations,
March 2003 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” 17β-estradiol can reduce inflammation in the skin.
23 citations,
January 2016 in “Transgender health” Hormone therapy with estradiol and spironolactone can regrow scalp hair in transgender women by lowering testosterone to female levels.
January 2024 in “International journal of molecular sciences” A brain-made hormone can protect against memory-related brain damage caused by harmful proteins.
Hair and nails can show hormone changes during puberty in dogs.
36 citations,
October 2016 in “Bone” A male with aromatase deficiency improved bone health with estradiol treatment.
15 citations,
February 2019 in “Internal Medicine Journal” Australian doctors experienced in adult transgender healthcare mostly prescribe intramuscular testosterone and oral estradiol, recommend mental health assessments before hormone therapy, and support improved training and guidelines.