8 citations,
June 2016 in “Clinical Chemistry” PSA levels could help detect illegal steroid use in female athletes but face challenges like cost and PCOS prevalence.
Women with androgenetic alopecia (hair loss) have normal prostate specific antigen levels but higher testosterone levels.
16 citations,
April 2007 in “Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research” Prostate-specific antigen may be a new marker for excess male hormones in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.
16 citations,
January 2000 in “The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism/Journal of clinical endocrinology & metabolism” Antiandrogen drugs can reduce PSA levels in women with excess hair, suggesting PSA is a sign of male hormone activity in women.
68 citations,
April 2014 in “Journal of Molecular Endocrinology” The document concludes that targeting the androgen receptor may be a promising breast cancer treatment, especially for certain types.