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This study found that waving virgin human hair with thioglycerol at pH 9.0 using ammonia solution caused less damage than using thioglycolic acid, while maintaining good waving efficiency.

This study found that the reproductive function of female hairdressers may be negatively affected by long-term exposure to permanent-waving solutions containing thioglycolic acid, raising concerns about its potential carcinogenic effects.

This study found that adding certain conditioning agents, including jojoba oil and lauryl PEG/PPG‐18/18 methicone, to ammonium thioglycolate straightening emulsions protected Afro-ethnic hair from protein loss and improved resistance to breakage.

This study observed that repeated perm treatments decrease disulfide bonds in hair due to their conversion largely into cysteic acid, affecting the waving efficiency depending on the reduction agent used.

This study found that thioglycolic acid molecules in hair treatments are primarily located in intrafibrillar unordered areas, where they redistribute disulfide bonds.