This study identified distinct immune differences in patients with alopecia areata, particularly those with atopic backgrounds, and highlighted the OX40 axis as a potential therapeutic target for the condition.
July 2026 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Alopecia totalis/universalis involves more intense immune activity and inflammation than patchy alopecia areata.
February 2024 in “Veterinary sciences” This study found that canine pemphigus foliaceus skin lesions exhibit a distinct immune signature, with upregulated pro-inflammatory and Th17-related genes, showing similarities to human pemphigus. Further research using advanced sequencing is needed to better understand the disease's pathogenesis.
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December 2015 in “Experimental dermatology” This study found that both Th1 and Th2 immune responses, along with IL-23 and IL-32 cytokine pathways, are active in alopecia areata lesions, and corticosteroid injections significantly altered these immune markers.
January 2025 in “Voprosy praktičeskoj pediatrii” This review found that autoimmune damage is a key factor in alopecia areata, noting its comorbidity with other diseases and the potential of Janus kinase inhibitors in treatment.