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Glossary Retina

The retina is a thin layer of tissue located at the back of the eye that contains light-sensitive cells, which convert light into neural signals for visual processing. While it is primarily associated with vision, the retina's health can indirectly relate to hair loss, as certain systemic conditions affecting the retina, such as diabetes or hypertension, may also influence hair follicle health and hair growth. Key distinguishing characteristics of the retina include its composition of photoreceptor cells (rods and cones) and its role in processing visual information, which is essential for overall sensory perception.

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Does retinol improve scalp health or help other hair growth treatments work? No trial has tested over-the-counter retinol for hair; the studies used prescription tretinoin (retinoic acid), mostly in the lab, with mixed results. Retinoids need caution in pregnancy, so ask a doctor first.
Can retinol help enhance the absorption of ingredients like minoxidil or peptides? No human study has measured whether retinol increases scalp absorption of minoxidil or peptides. Retinoids thicken rather than thin the epidermis, and they can irritate skin and need caution in pregnancy.
Is retinol safe to use on the scalp, or should it be diluted to avoid irritation? There is little research on retinol on the scalp; retinoids often cause redness, dryness and peeling, and long-term scalp safety has not been studied. Avoid retinoids if pregnant or trying to conceive, and ask a doctor before use.
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Vitamin A retinoid cream, prescribed for acne

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research Differential expression of retinoic acid-synthesizing (RALDH) enzymes during fetal development and organ differentiation in the mouse

232 citations , January 2002 in “Mechanisms of development”

This study reports that the differential expression patterns of three retinaldehyde dehydrogenases suggest a regulated need for retinoic acid synthesis in various organs during late mouse organogenesis.

research Retinol Esterification by DGAT1 Is Essential for Retinoid Homeostasis in Murine Skin

91 citations , November 2008 in “Journal of biological chemistry/The Journal of biological chemistry”

This study found that DGAT1 functions as a key enzyme in murine skin to regulate retinoic acid levels and prevent retinoid toxicity, impacting hair cycle and sensitivity to retinol.

research Immunolocalization of Enzymes, Binding Proteins, and Receptors Sufficient for Retinoic Acid Synthesis and Signaling During the Hair Cycle

48 citations , March 2007 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

This study observed that retinoic acid biosynthesis and signaling in hair follicles have a spatial and temporal regulation linked to distinct stages of the hair cycle in mice.

research Noncoding dsRNA induces retinoic acid synthesis to stimulate hair follicle regeneration via TLR3

47 citations , June 2019 in “Nature Communications”

This study found that self-noncoding dsRNA activates TLR3 to stimulate intrinsic retinoic acid synthesis, promoting new hair follicle formation in wounded mice and showing similar gene expression changes in humans treated with rejuvenation lasers.

research Two Opposing Faces of Retinoic Acid: Induction of Stemness or Induction of Differentiation Depending on Cell-Type

41 citations , October 2019 in “Biomolecules”

This review highlights the role of all-trans retinoic acid in regulating stem and progenitor cell proliferation and differentiation, suggesting its potential to enhance treatments in regenerative medicine and cancer.

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