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    Glossary Retina

    The retina is a thin layer of tissue located at the back of the eye that contains light-sensitive cells, which convert light into neural signals for visual processing. While it is primarily associated with vision, the retina's health can indirectly relate to hair loss, as certain systemic conditions affecting the retina, such as diabetes or hypertension, may also influence hair follicle health and hair growth. Key distinguishing characteristics of the retina include its composition of photoreceptor cells (rods and cones) and its role in processing visual information, which is essential for overall sensory perception.

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    1. Differential expression of retinoic acid-synthesizing (RALDH) enzymes during fetal development and organ differentiation in the mouse Mechanisms of development · 2002 · 232 citations
    2. Retinol Esterification by DGAT1 Is Essential for Retinoid Homeostasis in Murine Skin 2008 · 91 citations
    3. Endogenous Retinoids in the Pathogenesis of Alopecia Areata 2012 · 54 citations
    4. Oral Retinoids in Dermatology International Journal of Dermatology · 1981 · 52 citations
    5. Endogenous retinoids in the hair follicle and sebaceous gland Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids · 2011 · 50 citations
    6. Immunolocalization of Enzymes, Binding Proteins, and Receptors Sufficient for Retinoic Acid Synthesis and Signaling During the Hair Cycle 2007 · 48 citations
    7. Two Opposing Faces of Retinoic Acid: Induction of Stemness or Induction of Differentiation Depending on Cell-Type Biomolecules · 2019 · 41 citations
    8. The Aldo-Keto Reductase AKR1B10 Is Up-Regulated in Keloid Epidermis, Implicating Retinoic Acid Pathway Dysregulation in the Pathogenesis of Keloid Disease Journal of Investigative Dermatology · 2016 · 31 citations
    9. Cutaneous Retinoic Acid Levels Determine Hair Follicle Development and Downgrowth 2012 · 31 citations
    10. Chemotherapy of psoriasis and other skin disorders with oral retinoids Pharmacology & Therapeutics · 1981 · 31 citations
    11. Retinoid-mediated stimulation of steroid sulfatase activity in myeloid leukemic cell lines requires RARα and RXR and involves the phosphoinositide 3-kinase and ERK-MAP kinase pathways Journal of Cellular Biochemistry · 2005 · 24 citations
    12. Retinoid Metabolism Is Altered in Human and Mouse Cicatricial Alopecia Journal of Investigative Dermatology · 2012 · 22 citations
    13. Increasing the percutaneous absorption and follicular penetration of retinal by topical application of proretinal nanoparticles European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics · 2019 · 14 citations
    14. Retinoids for Chemoprophylaxis of Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer Dermatologic Surgery · 2011 · 12 citations
    15. Retinol dehydrogenase 12 (RDH12): Role in vision, retinal disease and future perspectives Experimental Eye Research · 2019 · 10 citations
    16. Retinoic acid exerts sexually dimorphic effects on muscle energy metabolism and function 2021 · 5 citations
    17. Hypothesis: Wound‐induced TLR3 activation stimulates endogenous retinoic acid synthesis and signalling during regeneration Experimental dermatology · 2019 · 5 citations
    18. 1310 Anti-aging effects of retinoid hydroxypinacolone retinoate on skin models Journal of Investigative Dermatology · 2018 · 4 citations
    19. Prediction and Demonstration of Retinoic Acid Receptor Agonist Ch55 as an Antifibrotic Agent in the Dermis Journal of Investigative Dermatology · 2023 · 3 citations
    20. Estrogen regulates the expression of retinoic acid synthesis enzymes and binding proteins in mouse skin Nutrition research · 2021 · 3 citations
    21. Retinal artery occlusion as a probable idiosyncratic reaction to topical minoxidil: a case report Journal of Medical Case Reports · 2021 · 1 citations
    22. Evaluation of Retinal Changes in Women with Different Phenotypes of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Diagnostics · 2025
    23. A case of acute vision loss due to retinal arteriolar occlusion after forehead injection of triamcinolone acetonide Indian journal of ophthalmology. Case reports · 2023
    24. Retinal abnormalities in alopecia areata: A systematic review and meta-analysis Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology · 2026
    25. Th,-e mechanistic insights into the application of retinoids and possible adjunct therapeutic treatment to androgenic alopecia Annals of Medicine and Surgery · 2025
    26. Retinoids in scarless skin regeneration: from molecular mechanisms to therapeutic strategies Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · 2025
    27. Resolution of advanced conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma with cemiplimab immunotherapy, IFNα-2b, and retinoic acid treatment over 2 years of follow-up Canadian Journal of Ophthalmology · 2024
    28. An overview about Therapeutic uses, clinical efficacy, safety and classes of Retinoids and its efficacy for Treatment of skin aging University of Thi-Qar Journal of Science · 2023
    29. Topikal Retinoidler 2021
    30. Spheroid transplantable and functional retinal pigment epithelium derived from non-colony dissociated human induced pluripotent stem cells Research Square (Research Square) · 2020