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Glossary Vellus Follicles

small hair follicles producing fine, short, lightly pigmented hairs

Vellus follicles are small hair follicles that produce fine, short, and lightly pigmented hairs known as vellus hairs. These hairs cover most of the human body and are often referred to as "peach fuzz." Unlike terminal hairs, which are thicker and darker, vellus hairs play a minimal role in thermoregulation and are more prominent in children and women.

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research Expression of the L-Fucose Moiety on Infrainfundibular Follicular Keratinocytes of Terminal Follicles, Its Decreased Expression on Vellus and Indeterminate Follicles of Androgenetic Alopecia, and Re-Expression in Drug-Induced Hair Regrowth

9 citations , January 1992 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

This study found distinct differences in UEA I glycoprotein binding on follicular keratinocytes between anagen and telogen hair follicles, with staining associated with follicle length and regrowth.

research Compound Follicles in Folliculitis Decalvans Do Not Contain Vellus and Retained Telogen Follicles—A Pilot Histopathologic Series on Polytrichia

October 2024 in “Journal of Cutaneous Pathology”

In this study of folliculitis decalvans, researchers found that compound follicular structures in scalp biopsies are primarily composed of terminal anagen follicles, surrounded by fibrosis and inflammatory cell infiltrate, which could enhance understanding of this condition.

research The Formation of Vellus Hair Follicles from Human Adult Epidermis1

73 citations , July 1956 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

This paper provides evidence supporting the formation of new hair follicles in adult humans, building on findings previously demonstrated in rabbits.

research Basal cell carcinoma possibly originates from the outer root sheath and/or the bulge region of the vellus hair follicle

107 citations , May 1999 in “Archives of Dermatological Research”

In this study, the immunohistochemical and lectin binding profiles of basal cell carcinoma closely resembled those of the outer root sheath of vellus hair follicles, suggesting a potential histochemical relationship.

research Epithelial skirt and bulge of human facial vellus hair follicles and and associated Merkel cell-nerve complex

48 citations , July 1993 in “Archives of Dermatological Research”

Merkel cells are abundant in facial vellus hair follicles, especially during the anagen phase.

research 561 Vellus-to-terminal hair follicle reconversion does occur in male pattern balding in a new humanized mouse model of androgenetic alopecia and is promoted by minoxidil and PRP

November 2022 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

This study suggests that vellus to terminal hair follicle reconversion can occur in male pattern androgenetic alopecia using an in vivo model with minoxidil and platelet-rich plasma treatment.

research Vellus-to-terminal Hair Follicle Reconversion Occurs in Male Pattern Balding and is Promoted by Minoxidil and Platelet-rich Plasma: In Vivo Evidence from a New Humanized Mouse Model of Androgenetic Alopecia

October 2023 in “Acta dermato-venereologica”

Minoxidil and platelet-rich plasma can help turn thin hair into thicker hair in male pattern baldness.

research Human hair follicle: reservoir function and selective targeting

97 citations , September 2011 in “British Journal of Dermatology”

The human hair follicle can store topical compounds and be targeted for drug delivery with minimal side effects.

research Cell Movement in the Hair Follicle Dermis – More Than a Two-Way Street?

47 citations , December 2003 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

DS cells in hair follicles can help form and restore hair, especially in hair loss conditions.

research Hair regrowth in male and female pattern hair loss does not involve the conversion of vellus hair to terminal hair

14 citations , January 2016 in “Experimental Dermatology”

This analysis concluded that hair regrowth in male and female pattern hair loss treatments did not involve converting vellus hairs into terminal hairs, suggesting a reactivation of dormant non-vellus follicles instead.

research Quantification of hair follicle parameters using computer image analysis: A comparison of androgenetic alopecia with normal scalp biopsies

13 citations , August 1995 in “Australasian Journal of Dermatology”

This study found that hair canal and follicle diameters, outer root sheath area, and terminal-to-vellus hair ratios were significantly reduced in androgenetic alopecia patients compared to normal controls.

research Pharmacological aspects of hair follicle growth

7 citations , January 1989

Minoxidil and 4-MA can help treat hair loss.

research Do we need hair follicle stem cells and hair follicle neogenesis to cure common hair loss disorders?

3 citations , May 2008 in “Hair transplant forum international”

This document includes a brief professional profile of Dr. Ralf Paus but presents no research findings or study results.

research Eruptive vellus hair cysts: An underdiagnosed entity

2 citations , January 2022 in “International journal of trichology”

This case report details a rare instance of eruptive vellus hair cysts in a 12-year-old male, highlighting its atypical morphology and axillary distribution, which has not been previously documented.

research Spatiotemporal secondary hair follicle development in the Lanyu pig (Sus scrofa taivanus): a novel pelage hair follicle model

August 2026 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)”

This study characterizes the secondary hair follicles in the Lanyu pig, an indigenous breed sharing similarities with human vellus hair follicles, suggesting its relevance as a model for researching hair follicle-mediated skin regeneration and enhancing translation to human wound healing.

research Hormonal Effects on Hair Follicles

102 citations , July 2020 in “International journal of molecular sciences”

This review discusses the effects of hormonal changes on hair follicles, concluding that hormones like androgens and estradiol significantly influence hair growth and cycle, while the roles of other hormones are still being researched.

research Determination of the cuticula thickness of human and porcine hairs and their potential influence on the penetration of nanoparticles into the hair follicles

95 citations , January 2009 in “Journal of Biomedical Optics”

This study observed that particles sized 300-600 nm penetrate hair follicles more efficiently, likely due to alignment with the thickness of the human hair cuticula.

research Reorganization of hair follicles in human skin organ culture induced by cultured human follicle-derived cells

56 citations , July 2005 in “Experimental Dermatology”

This study demonstrated that hair follicle-derived cells can induce hair follicle formation in an in vitro skin organ culture system using human retroauricular skin specimens.

research Trichofolliculoma: a rare variant of hair follicle hamartoma

18 citations , January 2013 in “Dermatology Online Journal”

This case report describes a 19-year-old woman with typical clinical and histopathological findings of trichofolliculoma, a rare hair follicle hamartoma usually located on the face or scalp.

research Histology of the Human Hair Follicle

9 citations , June 2008 in “Springer eBooks”

Understanding hair follicle structure is key for treating hair disorders and could help develop new treatments.

research Hair Follicle Miniaturization in a Woolly Hair Nevus

6 citations , February 2016 in “American Journal of Dermatopathology”

This case study reports on an 11-year-old boy with woolly hair nevus, featuring twisted hair shafts and an abnormal hair cuticle, alongside epidermal nevi on his face and back.

research Evaluation of Hair Follicle Counts of Occipital Scalp Biopsies from Male Hair Transplant Patients in Thailand

1 citations , February 2023 in “Siriraj Medical Journal/San Sirirat”

This study found that Thai males with androgenic alopecia displayed lower average hair density in the occipital scalp compared to other Asian populations, but higher than those with advanced AGA.

research Beta 1 Integrin in Hair Follicles of Patients with Androgenetic Alopecia

June 2024 in “Benha Journal of Applied Sciences”

This study found that β1 integrin expression may serve as an indicator of androgenetic alopecia severity and could be involved in the disease's development.

research P02 Accelerated ageing of hair follicles in androgenetic alopecia

May 2024 in “British journal of dermatology/British journal of dermatology, Supplement”

In this study, researchers found that frontal hair follicles in individuals with androgenetic alopecia show a higher biological age compared to occipital follicles, possibly due to decreased expression of the transcriptional repressor TRPS1 in frontal dermal papillae, which may influence follicle miniaturization.

research The Biology and Genomics of Human Hair Follicles: A Focus on Androgenetic Alopecia

February 2024 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences”

This review outlines the functional anatomy, pathology, and molecular mechanisms of androgenetic alopecia, emphasizing the need for multi-omics approaches to better understand this condition's biology.

research Effects of platelet-rich plasma application on hair follicle count, telogen/anagen ratio, and miniaturized hair ratio in patients with androgenic alopecia: alone or in combination with other treatments

July 2025 in “Journal of Dermatological Treatment”

This study found that platelet-rich plasma significantly improved hair growth parameters in androgenic alopecia patients and was even more effective when combined with minoxidil, particularly in reducing vellus hair.

research Screening and Identification of LncRNAs Related to Villus Growth of Liaoning Cashmere Goats and Their Effects on Growth after FGF5 Treatment

August 2019 in “Research Square (Research Square)”

This study explored how long non-coding RNA mediates the effects of FGF5 on the hair follicle development and villus growth of Liaoning cashmere goats.