January 2012 in “Durham e-Theses (Durham University)” This study found that knock-down of keratin 15 in various cell lines affected cell spreading, morphology, migration, differentiation, and proliferation, suggesting its role in maintaining the stem cell nature of keratinocytes.
January 2008 in “Durham e-Theses (Durham University)” This study observed that stem cells from the hair follicle dermis share similarities with bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells and have potential to form neural-like cells under specific conditions.
April 2023 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” This study found that using trypsin digestion to extract keratinocytes from the hair follicle bulge results in a higher yield and faster growth of stem keratinocytes compared to the explant method.
October 2021 in “Authorea (Authorea)” In this study, using tyrosine as a cross-linking agent for hair perming showed better initial results compared to commercial products, though efficiency decreased after washing without compromising hair strength.
34 citations
,
October 2014 in “European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics” This study found that adapalene-loaded solid lipid microparticles may enhance targeted drug delivery into sebum due to their similarity to sebum components, although both this formulation and a standard cream showed equivalent follicular penetration.
June 2025 in “Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry” In this study, researchers developed a simplified and reliable method to prepare human hair shaft samples, achieving over 75% protein extraction efficiency and improved keratin sequence coverage, with the approach showing high reproducibility across different labs and operators.
226 citations
,
January 2002 in “Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin” This study developed a rapid method to extract proteins from human hair, revealing phosphorylation on serine and threonine residues in alpha-keratins and matrix proteins.
16 citations
,
June 1992 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” September 1989 in “PubMed” This study reported detailed three-dimensional ultrastructural observations of human hair and hair follicles using a modified preparation method, including morphological differences in hair bulb cell layers and surface projections on root sheath cells.
1 citations
,
March 2023 in “Journal of Natural Fibers” This study explored using tyrosine as a cross-linking agent for curling Asian hair and found that it could shape hair effectively before washing without damaging the fibers, though the method was less effective after washing compared to commercial products.
2 citations
,
July 1999 in “JEADV. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology/Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology” In this study, proteolytic enzymes applied to mice skin caused severe degeneration in hair follicles, including detachment of stem cells from their niche, suggesting potential impairment of stem cell function.
138 citations
,
December 1976 in “Journal of Biological Chemistry” This study purified a transglutaminase enzyme from human epidermis that requires calcium or strontium for activity and forms cross-linked polymers, but its detailed activation mechanism remains unclear.
1 citations
,
December 2022 in “Planta Medica” This study found that adding iontophoresis of papain and chymotrypsin to laser treatment significantly increased hair reduction in women with facial hirsutism compared to laser treatment alone over six months.
April 2026 in “Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research” This study showed that keratinase pretreatment effectively reduces the time for enzymatic unhairing in bovine hides by opening channels for faster penetration, which shortens the process by over 50% and enhances leather quality.
5 citations
,
July 1999 in “JEADV. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology/Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology” The researchers reported that applying proteolytic enzymes to mice skin negatively affected hair follicles, leading to degeneration and potential impairment of stem cells from the bulge area.
36 citations
,
November 2005 in “Forensic Science International” This study developed a new STR typing strategy for forensic casework, enabling the simultaneous analysis of 11 polymorphic systems, particularly useful for limited or degraded DNA samples such as telogen hair roots.
35 citations
,
July 2010 in “The FEBS journal” In this study, researchers identified a highly reactive, isozyme-specific sequence for TGase 3, contributing to understanding its distinct functional role and activity distribution in the mouse epidermis.
March 2026 in “Cosmetics” This study found that combining Alexandrite laser with iontophoresis of chymotrypsin and papain enzymes reduced the laser pulse requirements compared to laser alone for treating paradoxical hypertrichosis in women with facial hirsutism, suggesting potential clinical benefits in managing this condition.
27 citations
,
April 1978 in “Journal of Forensic Sciences” This study explored the potential of using isoenzyme detection after electrophoresis to characterize human hair, though no new clinical results are reported.
30 citations
,
May 2020 in “Forensic Science International Genetics” This study found that optimizing proteomic genotyping conditions from single human hair samples significantly improves the detection of genetically variant peptides, enhancing human identification with high precision across different biogeographic backgrounds.
3 citations
,
January 2007 in “Journal of health science” This study found that an enzymatic method effectively identified chemical treatments like perming and dyeing by detecting higher degradation in treated hair compared to untreated hair.
1 citations
,
January 2008 in “Massey Research Online (Massey University)” This study found that enzyme depilation of lambskins can cause damage due to the removal of collagen VI, suggesting the need for a protease that avoids this interaction for successful application.
This study purified trichohyalin protein from pig tongue epithelium, characterizing its unique properties and structure, which may facilitate future functional research.
54 citations
,
July 1967 in “Science” This study found that aged tritiated thymidine breaks down and incorporates into cytoplasmic macromolecules, not DNA, suggesting caution in its use.
135 citations
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October 1997 in “Journal of biological chemistry/The Journal of biological chemistry” This study suggests that trichohyalin is modified by peptidyl-arginine deiminase before being cross-linked by TGase 3, allowing the formation of rigid structures in hair follicle cells.
3 citations
,
April 2015 in “Current problems in dermatology” This study focuses on improving the detection and characterization of an enzyme in guinea pig hair follicles that converts arginine to citrulline, highlighting challenges with assay sensitivity and reproducibility.
2 citations
,
August 1987 in “Analytical Biochemistry” This study introduced a method to isolate and separate microfibrillar proteins from human hair, identifying previously undetected glycine- and tyrosine-rich proteins.
7 citations
,
December 1970 in “Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Protein Structure” 49 citations
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May 1974 in “Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Protein Structure” Transamidases are present in the epidermis but their exact role is unclear.
December 2023 in “Sains Malaysiana” In this study, researchers used in silico mutagenesis to identify key calcium-binding sites influencing the stability of Rand protease from Bacillus subtilis, potentially enhancing its application in industries like leather dehairing by improving stability and eliminating the need for additional metal ions during the process.