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This article reviews potential applications and challenges of using the transfollicular route for drug delivery but does not present new clinical findings; it calls for further exploration and development in this field.

This study found that human skin with hair follicles and sebaceous glands absorbed significantly more steroids than scar skin without these appendages, indicating their role in steroid penetration.

This study reported that nanoemulsions significantly improved the skin permeability of thiocolchicoside compared to its aqueous solution, suggesting they are effective carriers for its transdermal delivery.

In this study, the researchers observed that the transdermal permeation mechanisms of diclofenac salts differ based on counterions, with varying pathways and routes for passive and iontophoretic transport.

This study found that hydrophobic lipid-coated silica nanoparticles penetrated deeper into human stratum corneum compared to their hydrophilic counterparts, highlighting the influence of surface polarity on skin penetration.

Transfollicular drug delivery can improve medication absorption through hair follicles.

This review highlights the hair follicle's structural and functional properties as an effective route for delivering active compounds in treating hair disorders, focusing on emerging carrier technologies to enhance targeted transfollicular delivery.

This study found that transfollicular delivery using surfactant-based nanoparticles significantly enhanced antigen stability and immune response compared to other delivery methods, especially when combined with an adjuvant.

This study found that drug delivery through human scalp skin may be more effective for lipophilic and hydrophilic drugs compared to abdominal skin, highlighting the potential of intrafollicular delivery methods.

This study reported that larger caffeine nanocrystals, at 694 nm, increased caffeine bioavailability via transfollicular penetration compared to smaller nanocrystals, especially in long-term serum concentration measurements.

This study found that low-frequency sonophoresis significantly decreased the skin penetration of sodium fluorescein-loaded PEGylated liposomes with D-limonene and affected percutaneous absorption by partially plugging hair follicle orifices.

This review discusses recent advancements in cutaneous drug delivery technologies and the potential of transfollicular pathways for improved treatment of skin conditions, but reports no clinical results.

This study concludes that phospholipid–polymer hybrid nanoparticles may be an effective delivery system for quercetin in treating androgenic alopecia by improving hair regrowth and preventing hair follicle cell apoptosis in rat models.

This review discusses the potential of follicular drug delivery systems to target the pilosebaceous unit and reports no new research findings.

This study suggests that gel containing OSF3 loaded in niosomes offers high transfollicular penetration for topical anti-androgenic alopecia treatment with minimal systemic effect.

This review examines the role of hair follicles and sebaceous glands in percutaneous drug delivery but does not report new clinical results; it calls for further exploration of follicle-targeting therapies.

In this in silico study, researchers found that the hair follicle's contribution to dermal permeability of small molecules varies with the lipophilic and hydrophilic properties of substances, highlighting the need for careful characterization of substances filling the follicular route when interpreting experimental permeability data.

This review summarizes recent advancements in follicular targeting for drug delivery via hair follicles and calls for pilot studies in humans to explore potential clinical applications.

This study found that artocarpin delivered via alginate/chitosan microparticles effectively suppressed the growth of hamster flank organs compared to artocarpin in solution form, without significant systemic effects.

This study reported that combining microdialysis and selective follicular closure with varnish significantly reduces caffeine penetration through hair follicles in an ex vivo porcine ear skin model.

This study found that using an electrical microneedling device enhanced the penetration of liposomal melanin-fluorescein into hair structures and widened the follicular infundibulum in ex vivo human skin models.

This study found that adapalene-loaded microemulsions significantly enhanced the drug's penetration through guinea pig skin compared to an aqueous suspension, with factors like surfactant ratios and the water-oil phase balance affecting the transfollicular drug delivery efficiency.

This study found that smaller curcumin nanocrystals (60 nm) enhanced transdermal and transfollicular penetration more effectively than larger sizes, influenced by particle size.

This study found that nanoemulsion formulations with oleic acid or eucalyptol significantly enhanced the delivery and retention of caffeine through hair follicles and surrounding skin regions.

Liposomes with certain properties can effectively deliver drugs deep into hair follicles.

This study observed that dissolving microneedles made from PVP-K90 and HPMC E50, incorporating Oryza sativa L. extract complex, showed enhanced transfollicular skin penetration and maintained safety for keratinocytes, with the P25H5 formulation demonstrating faster dissolution and greater effectiveness.

This study found that using a standardized protocol with microspheres of approximately 1.5 micrometers enhances penetration into hair follicles, particularly when skin is treated with cyanoacrylate skin surface stripping.

This study demonstrated that a finasteride-loaded proniosome significantly enhanced transfollicular delivery and hair growth in mice without causing skin irritation, with effects comparable to a 2% minoxidil solution.

Targeting drugs to hair follicles can treat skin conditions, but reaching deep follicle areas is hard and needs more research.

This review discusses recent advances in skin penetration mechanisms, specifically focusing on the enhanced understanding of the follicular pathway and its implications for transdermal therapies, immune system targeting, and nanoparticle safety.