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The chapter explains the causes of excessive hair growth and masculinization in women and how to measure hormone levels related to these conditions.

Most adrenal cortex tumors are benign and non-secreting, but proper diagnosis and treatment are important due to the rare possibility of cancer.

Early hormones shape sex-specific differences in rat glands.

Hair loss in Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is due to altered cell sensitivity to hormones, not increased hormone levels. Hair growth periods shorten over time, causing hair to become thinner and shorter. This is linked to miscommunication between cell pathways in hair follicles. There's also a change in gene expression related to blood vessels and cell growth in balding hair follicles. The exact molecular causes of AGA are still unclear.

Testosterone therapy can improve sexual function in women but long-term safety is unclear.

Cell transplantation faces challenges in genitourinary reconstruction, but alternative tissue sources and microencapsulation show promise.

A new method helps detect androgen receptor movement in cells, aiding research on hair loss treatments.

Chromosomal differences affect how muscle cells respond to testosterone.

Effective PCOS treatments require targeting specific signaling pathways.

PCOS may increase the risk of certain cancers.

The enzyme 5α-reductase is important for proper blood vessel development during the fertility-related transformation of the uterus lining.

Eating healthy, exercising, and certain nutrients like myoinositol and omega-3s can help manage PCOS symptoms.

Exposure to plastics may increase the risk of irregular menstrual cycles and symptoms of hormone imbalance in teenage girls.

Eating alfalfa sprouts every day can raise testosterone levels in middle-aged men, but broccoli sprouts don't have this effect.

The document explains how male reproductive hormones work and affect the body.

Avicennia Marina extract and avicequinone C can reduce hair loss hormone production and increase hair growth factors, suggesting they could be used to treat androgenic alopecia.

Flutamide caused damage to male rat reproductive organs and may affect fertility.

Acne is linked to inflammation and insulin resistance, and is associated with various syndromes that require different treatments.

Some plant-based treatments may help with ovary function, insulin resistance, and excess male hormones in PCOS, but more research is needed to confirm their safety and effectiveness.

Bioengineered nanoparticles can effectively treat hair loss by targeting specific enzymes and receptors.

PCOS is a hormonal issue in women that is usually treated with birth control pills, metformin, and lifestyle changes, with early treatment helping to reduce complications and improve life quality.

Finasteride in male rats causes liver and metabolic issues in their offspring.

Insulin resistance and high male hormone levels are major causes of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.

A gene mutation in Lama3 is linked to a common type of hair loss.

Normal levels of DHT can reduce belly fat and increase muscle, but too much can lead to hair loss, prostate issues, and possibly heart disease.

Rat skin takes up and processes testosterone differently than other organs, with testosterone being more important for the skin than its metabolite 5α-DHT.

17α-Estradiol solution safely improves hair density and thickness in female pattern hair loss.

Insulin resistance is a key factor in polycystic ovary syndrome, but genetics may also contribute.

Women with PCOS have more body fat and thicker fat layers in certain abdominal areas than women without PCOS.

Excessive selenium from a supplement caused toxicity but patients recovered with care.