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Aging reduces skin cell renewal and defense against germs due to TGFbeta, but blocking TGFbeta could help restore these functions.

The document concludes that better targeted treatments are needed for wound healing, and single-cell technologies may improve cell-based therapies.

The document concludes that insulin resistance is key in PCOS development and early treatment is crucial to prevent complications.

TGF-β is crucial for tissue repair and can cause diseases if not properly regulated.

Ectodin integrates BMP, SHH, and FGF signals in developing ectodermal organs.

Understanding where cancer cells come from helps create better prevention and treatment methods.

The conclusion is that proper signaling is crucial for hair growth and development, and errors can lead to cancer or hair loss.

Androgens can both increase and decrease hair growth in different parts of the body.

Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs) help control skin health, hair growth, and color, and could potentially be used to treat skin and hair disorders.

Stress-related substance P may lead to hair loss and negatively affect hair growth.

TGF-β is crucial for controlling stem cell behavior and changes in its signaling can lead to diseases like cancer.

Eating less sugar, milk, and saturated fats and more vegetables and fish may help treat and prevent acne.

Exosomes could potentially enhance tissue repair and regeneration with lower rejection risk and easier production than live cell therapies.

TGF-β signaling is crucial for stem cell maintenance, differentiation, and has implications for cancer treatment.

Foxp3 is crucial for regulatory T cell function, and targeting these cells may help treat immune disorders.

Androgens can both stimulate and cause hair loss, and understanding their effects is key to treating hair disorders.

All-trans retinoic acid causes hair loss by increasing TGF-β2 in hair follicle cells.

Turing patterns are now recognized as important in developmental biology.

The tumor suppressor gene FLCN affects mitochondrial function and energy use in cells.

Activin helps skin growth and healing mainly through stromal cells and affects keratinocytes based on its amount.

Targeting the skin's endocannabinoid system could help treat skin disorders.

TRH stimulates human hair growth and extends the hair growth phase.

Beta-caryophyllene helps improve wound healing in mice, especially in females.

An imbalance between certain immune cells is linked to a chronic skin condition and may be influenced by obesity, smoking, and autoimmune issues.

Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) slows down hair growth and promotes hair follicle regression.

Androgens are important for normal ovarian function and estrogen production, but may not be the main cause of follicle death.

Hedgehog signaling helps keep hair follicle stem cells the same in both young and old human skin.

Smad-4 and Smad-7 are key in hair follicle development, with other Smads being less important.

Improving the environment and cell interactions is key for creating human hair in the lab.

The document concludes that the skin's immune system is complex, involving interactions with hair follicles, nerves, and microbes, and can protect or cause disease, offering targets for new treatments.