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Metformin and thiazolidinediones are similarly effective for PCOS, but metformin is often preferred due to fewer side effects.

This study suggests that 5-ADIOL-S may contribute to the synthesis of potent androgens in peripheral tissues, and 3 alpha-DIOL-S could be a marker of androgen metabolism in various female patient groups.

This study identified distinct differences in metabolic pathways related to pattern baldness, with findings highlighting the androgen metabolic pathway in males and the estrogen plus arachidonic acid pathways in females using hair samples.

In this study, 5α-reductase inhibitors were found to have no significant impact on preventing tumorigenesis or progression in in vitro models of urothelial cancer.

This article discusses the various roles of steroids in vertebrate organ systems and notes several glucocorticoids that were among the Top 200 Drugs by sales in the 2010s, but it reports no new clinical findings.

This study found that methyl nonanoate and methyl caprate significantly enhanced the skin penetration of minoxidil compared to solutions with other common enhancers like Azone, DMSO, or DEET.

The document concludes that sex hormones are crucial for mammalian reproduction, health, and behavior, and require more research for therapeutic use.

This article discusses Serenoa repens (Saw palmetto) for preventing and treating androgenic alopecia, highlighting its phytosterols' role and lack of side effects but reports no new clinical results.

This review identifies natural plants that possess androgen-related compounds, highlighting the potential of phytoandrogens as alternatives to allopathic treatments for conditions like hypogonadism, impotence, infertility, and erectile dysfunction.

In this study, DPHC from the brown alga Ishige okamurae demonstrated potential to prevent androgenic alopecia by inhibiting hair loss and promoting hair growth through multiple cellular mechanisms.

This review examines ethosomal structures and their mechanisms as skin delivery systems, outlining preparation methods and applications but presents no new experimental findings.

This study in male rats found that Cernitin™ significantly relieved pain and decreased prostate weight in models of chronic prostatitis and benign prostatic hyperplasia, suggesting an anti-inflammatory effect.

This investigation found that certain supplements, particularly whey protein isolate, growth hormones, and anabolic steroids, can negatively impact hair loss by affecting biochemical pathways.

In this study, sublingual minoxidil was found to be a safe and effective treatment for increasing hair growth in transgender individuals with mild androgenetic alopecia who are undergoing full-dose testosterone therapy.

In this study, a literature review highlighted that anabolic-androgenic steroid use in physically active men is associated with adverse effects across multiple body systems, including cardiovascular, endocrine, and psychiatric complications, underscoring the need for increased clinical awareness and further research.

This study found that ursolic acid at 50 mg/kg improved biochemical, hormonal, and ovarian histopathological markers in a rat model of PCOS, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic option.

This study found that while rat models treated with letrozole and dihydrotestosterone exhibit altered sterol, leukotriene, and steroid hormone profiles similar to human PCOS, significant differences remain.

In this study, researchers found that fenugreek seed extract reduced prostate size, DHT levels, and cell proliferation in a testosterone-induced BPH rat model while modulating various genetic expressions, suggesting its potential as an alternative treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia.

This study found that administering a supraphysiological dose of testosterone to female rats significantly reduced estrogen and progesterone levels, disrupted sex steroid receptor expression, and interfered with the embryonic implantation window, indicating potential implications for androgen-related endometrial conditions.

This study developed a liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry method to detect sex hormones in health supplements from Hanoi, Vietnam, finding three out of 16 samples contained sex hormones, including banned testosterone at low levels (~0.5 mg/kg).

This article discusses the FDA approval of bremelanotide for premenopausal women with hypoactive sexual desire disorder and reports no clinical results.

This article reviews the role and controversies of 5α-reductase inhibitors like finasteride and dutasteride in managing prostate cancer, without presenting new research results.

Androgens like testosterone affect skin health and can lead to conditions such as acne and hair loss, with various treatments available.

This article reviews the skin and hair changes associated with menopause due to hormonal shifts and reports no new clinical results.

This study found that dutasteride significantly reduces the risk of acute urinary retention and surgical intervention in men with benign prostatic enlargement compared to placebo.

In this study, melatonin-loaded Pickering emulsions stabilized by chitosan-dextran sulphate nanoparticles and enhanced with lecithin showed improved photostability, antioxidant activity, and follicular delivery in androgenic alopecia-affected rats, potentially rivaling commercial minoxidil for hair loss treatment.

Testosterone therapy can improve sexual function in women but long-term safety is unclear.

This study found that myo-inositol treatment reduced hirsutism and acne in women with PCOS by improving their metabolic profiles, including lower insulin and testosterone levels.

Nandrolone and oxandrolone could help treat male health issues like muscle loss and low testosterone.

This review discusses female pattern hair loss as distinct from androgenetic alopecia and suggests that clinicians use tools like dermoscopy and histopathology for more accurate diagnosis, without reporting new findings.