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Healthcare providers need better education and resources to give competent and sensitive care to transgender patients.

Transdermal testosterone can improve sexual desire in postmenopausal women but lacks long-term safety data and is not FDA-approved for this use.

The document concludes that AFA should be considered in patients with acromegaly-like features but normal hormone levels, and more cases need to be identified to understand the condition fully.

Testosterone therapy can modestly improve sexual function in menopausal women but should be used cautiously and is not recommended for routine measurement in sexual dysfunction or hirsutism.

The over-the-counter supplement DHEA could make COVID-19 worse, especially in diabetics and people with G6PD deficiency.

More research is needed to understand how testosterone is maintained in adult males.

Certain brain hormones and chemicals are linked to the development of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.

Bolandiol, a synthetic steroid, builds muscle and bone without greatly affecting sex glands, and works differently from other hormones.

High doses of testosterone disrupt hormone levels and receptor expression in the uterus, affecting fertility.

Finasteride doesn't affect oral testosterone undecanoate, and high DHT levels may cause acne, prostate issues, and hair loss.

Women with type 1 diabetes often have polycystic ovary syndrome and excess male hormones, which are frequently undiagnosed.

Long-term testosterone therapy can cause hormone suppression, affect prostate and heart health, and alter physical characteristics, but does not increase prostate cancer risk and needs more research for full risk assessment.

Testosterone therapy may slightly improve sexual function in postmenopausal women, but its long-term safety is unknown.

The R343H mutation in the VDR gene causes vitamin D-resistant rickets with alopecia by impairing specific gene activity.

Testosterone improves mood and thinking skills; finasteride has no effect.

A child with a rare type of rickets showed some improvement with high doses of vitamin D, but such conditions often respond poorly to treatment.

The guideline recommends mental health involvement in diagnosing gender identity disorder and outlines hormone and surgical treatment protocols, emphasizing safety, informed consent, and long-term monitoring.

Cushing's syndrome can cause serious health problems, and early treatment is crucial, but some issues may remain after treatment.

The guidelines advise against using testosterone and DHEA in women for most conditions due to safety and effectiveness concerns, but suggest considering testosterone for postmenopausal women with low sexual desire.

Blocking the enzyme 5α-reductase can shrink the prostate and help treat enlarged prostate issues.

Hormone therapy for trans individuals is effective and generally safe in the short term.

Prolactin contributes to hair loss by promoting hair follicle shrinkage and cell death.

Testosterone's muscle-building effects do not require its conversion to DHT.

The update highlights that non-classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia is common in women with excess male hormones, requires specific hormone tests for diagnosis, and has various treatment options depending on age and symptoms.

Thyroid hormones help hair grow, reduce hair loss, and increase hair pigment.

Testosterone replacement may help some postmenopausal women with symptoms like fatigue and low libido, but more research is needed to fully understand its effects.

Prolactin affects hair growth and skin conditions, and could be a target for new skin disease treatments.

Oxidative stress affects hair loss in men with androgenetic alopecia.

Finasteride can reduce fertility in some men, but stopping it increases sperm count.

Androgen conjugates might be better indicators of skin sensitivity to hormones in women with excessive hair growth.