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Researchers found that most genes affecting drug responses are not fully covered by commercial SNP chips, suggesting the need for more comprehensive tools to optimize drug selection based on genetics.

Pioglitazone improved insulin sensitivity and altered cortisol metabolism in PCOS patients.

Understanding skin structure and development helps diagnose and treat skin disorders.

Acne can be managed with various treatments and requires psychological support due to its emotional impact.

Experts recommend using evidence-based methods to diagnose and treat hirsutism, focusing on symptoms and underlying causes.

Oestrogens help maintain healthy skin, heal wounds, and may protect against skin aging and cancer.

Hormonal contraceptives can help treat acne by affecting sebum production and androgen levels.

Finasteride treats enlarged prostate and hair loss, but may cause side effects in some patients.

Thyroid hormones are important for skin health and might help treat skin diseases, but more research is needed to understand their effects fully.

Women with AGA have more androstenedione and dihydrotestosterone, less copper and zinc; copper imbalance affects AGA; treatment improves hormones and minerals.

Different species and human skin models vary in their skin enzyme activities, with pig skin and some models closely matching human skin, useful for safety assessments and understanding the skin's protective roles.

Men with male-pattern baldness have higher levels of certain testosterone metabolites and may have more active androgen metabolism.

DHEA acts like a male hormone on rat skin glands and doesn't turn into female hormones there.

Hormones like testosterone and estrogen significantly affect hair growth and structure.

The skin protects the body, regulates temperature, senses touch, and makes vitamin D.

Genetic research has advanced our understanding of skin diseases, but complex conditions require an integrative approach for deeper insight.

Men and women experience skin aging differently due to changes in sex hormone levels with age.

Inherited ichthyoses cause widespread skin scaling and thickening due to gene mutations.

DHEA affects multiple receptors and may help with metabolic issues, but its safety and effectiveness in humans are unclear.

The androgen receptor is a promising target for breast cancer treatment, especially in triple-negative cases, but more research is needed for personalized therapies.

Frontal Fibrosing Alopecia might be an autoimmune disease.

Male hormones may play a role in the development of heart disease, and more research is needed to understand their effects.

Estrogens significantly influence hair growth by interacting with receptors in hair follicles and may help regulate the hair growth cycle.

The skin's ability to produce hormones is linked to various skin conditions, and better understanding this process could lead to new treatments.

Hair loss in Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is due to altered cell sensitivity to hormones, not increased hormone levels. Hair growth periods shorten over time, causing hair to become thinner and shorter. This is linked to miscommunication between cell pathways in hair follicles. There's also a change in gene expression related to blood vessels and cell growth in balding hair follicles. The exact molecular causes of AGA are still unclear.

DHT, a testosterone byproduct, causes male pattern baldness.

Topical finasteride and flutamide reduce gland size and enzyme activity, with flutamide being more potent, potentially treating acne, seborrhea, hirsutism, and androgenic alopecia.

Androgens like testosterone affect skin health and can lead to conditions such as acne and hair loss, with various treatments available.

Cholesterol balance is important for hair health, and problems with it can lead to hair loss conditions.

The conclusion is that managing androgen excess requires long-term treatment, including hormonal contraceptives and androgen blockers, with follow-up after six months.