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    Glossary Sexual Dimorphism

    differences in appearance between males and females of a species

    Sexual dimorphism refers to the differences in appearance between males and females of the same species, beyond the differences in their sexual organs. These differences can include variations in size, color, shape, and the presence of specific physical traits like antlers in male deer or the colorful plumage in male birds. In humans, sexual dimorphism is evident in traits such as body size, muscle mass, and patterns of hair growth.

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    1. SEXUAL DIMORPHISM IN MAMMALS 1974 · 138 citations
    2. Sexual dimorphism of growth plate prehypertrophic and hypertrophic chondrocytes in response to testosterone requires metabolism to dihydrotestosterone (DHT) by steroid 5‐alpha reductase type 1 Journal of Cellular Biochemistry · 2005 · 27 citations
    3. Sexual dimorphism following in vitro ischemia in the response to neurosteroids and mechanisms of injury BMC Neuroscience · 2020 · 6 citations
    4. Sexual Dimorphism in Micronutrient Homeostasis and Cluster Depletion Patterns in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients with Hair Loss: Development and Validation of a Phenotype-Based Risk Stratification Tool International Journal of Medical Science and Dental Health · 2026
    5. Sexual dimorphism of COVID-19 inspires drug repositioning and host-targeting immunotherapy for viral pneumonia Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy · 2026
    6. 0885 The androgen-THY1 axis mediates sexual dimorphism in dermal adipogenesis and fibrosis Journal of Investigative Dermatology · 2025
    7. Analysis of Hairline and Forehead Sexual Dimorphic Aesthetics in 60 Celebrities Using Artificial Intelligence Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery Global Open · 2023 · 13 citations
    8. Crosstalk between Immune Microenvironment and Hair Follicle Cells Underlies Sexual Dimorphism in Androgenetic Alopecia bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · 2025
    9. 863 Molecular basis of hair follicle donor dominance in androgenetic alopecia and sexual dimorphism of the skin Journal of Investigative Dermatology · 2017
    10. Hormonal Organization of Sex Differences in Play Fighting and Spatial Behavior Progress in brain research · 1984 · 110 citations
    11. Prolactin Signaling Influences the Timing Mechanism of the Hair Follicle: Analysis of Hair Growth Cycles in Prolactin Receptor Knockout Mice* Endocrinology · 2001 · 73 citations
    12. Evidence for Masculinization of Adipokine Gene Expression in Visceral and Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue of Obese Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism · 2013 · 58 citations
    13. Is there a relationship between alopecia and anthropometric indicators? Modern scientific view Reports of Vinnytsia National Medical University · 2023 · 1 citations
    14. Genome assembly and methylome analysis of the white wax scale insect provides insight into sexual differentiation of metamorphosis in hexapod 2020
    15. The Effect of Perinatal Blockade of Androgen Receptors on the Expression of Hypothalamic Estrogen Receptor‐a and Sexual Motivation in Male Rats The FASEB Journal · 2016
    16. Aging in the Male Face: Intrinsic and Extrinsic Factors Dermatologic Surgery · 2016 · 27 citations
    17. Distinct Transcriptional Profiles of the Female, Male, and Finasteride-Induced Feminized Male Anogenital Region in Rat Fetuses Toxicological Sciences · 2019 · 10 citations
    18. Transcriptome analysis reveals the genetic basis underlying the formation and seasonal changes of nuptial pads in Rana chensinensis BMC Genomics · 2024 · 1 citations
    19. Biology of Hair Growth Seminars in Reproductive Medicine · 1986 · 46 citations
    20. 5α-Reductase underscores the development of pectoral fin breeding tubercles in zebrafish Communications Biology · 2026
    21. A PAX1 enhancer locus is associated with susceptibility to idiopathic scoliosis in females Nature Communications · 2015 · 103 citations
    22. Liver and Kidney Dysfunction in Wistar Rats Exposed to Municipal Landfill Leachate Resources and Environment · 2012 · 55 citations
    23. Sex differences in and hormonal regulation of Kv1 potassium channel gene expression in the electric organ: Molecular control of a social signal Developmental neurobiology · 2007 · 22 citations
    24. Prolactin Signaling Influences the Timing Mechanism of the Hair Follicle: Analysis of Hair Growth Cycles in Prolactin Receptor Knockout Mice Endocrinology · 2001 · 14 citations
    25. Gender-Difference in Hair Length as Revealed by Crispr-Based Production of Long-Haired Mice with Dysfunctional FGF5 Mutations International Journal of Molecular Sciences · 2022 · 6 citations
    26. Sexually dimorphic sail feathers in the Mandarin duck as a model for lifelong developmental modulation Scientific Reports · 2025 · 1 citations
    27. Sexually dimorphic effect of progesterone and its reduced metabolites on the gene expression of myelin proteins in rat Schwann cells Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology · 2006
    28. Is polycystic ovary syndrome a sexual conflict? A review Reproductive Biomedicine Online · 2016 · 21 citations
    29. Modelling androgen synthesis and action during human sexual differentiation ePrints Soton (University of Southampton) · 2010
    30. Genetic Defects of Female Sexual Differentiation Elsevier eBooks · 2016