August 2025 in “Annals of Medicine” This review discusses recent advances in using extracellular vesicles as a potential treatment for alopecia and highlights ongoing challenges in their clinical application and mass production; no new clinical results are reported.
This study found that an exosome formulation with plant extracts significantly increased hair regrowth in men with male pattern alopecia compared to a placebo, without notable adverse effects.
February 2025 in “Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology” This case report describes a 34-year-old Asian female who experienced prolonged localized facial blanching following botulinum toxin type A injection, marking the first such documented case in this population.
This abstract reviews the use of spironolactone as a treatment for hormonal acne, female pattern hair loss, and hirsutism due to its antiandrogenic properties and favorable side effect profile, highlighting its value in dermatological therapies.
September 2024 in “Journal of Cutaneous and Aesthetic Surgery” This review focuses on the pharmacological properties, indications, contraindications, and safety profile of bicalutamide, a non-steroidal androgen receptor antagonist, in dermatological research, particularly its off-label use for improving female pattern hair loss as measured by Sinclair grading.
May 2024 in “Skin research and technology” This study used Mendelian randomization analysis to identify Scyllo-inositol and Alpha-ketoglutarate as potential protective factors and Heme and 2-palmitoylglycerophosphocholine as risk factors for androgenic alopecia, suggesting a causal link between these metabolites and the condition.
In this study, researchers found that adding zygomaticotemporal nerve blocks to supratrochlear and supraorbital nerve blocks in mesotherapy lowered pain significantly during and after the procedure for hair regrowth in alopecia patients.
January 2024 in “Journal of lipid research” In this study, finasteride was found to reduce cholesterol levels and delay atherosclerosis in LDL receptor-deficient mice, and men using finasteride reported lower cholesterol levels, suggesting potential cardiovascular benefits by improving lipid profiles.
December 2023 in “European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry” This review highlights potential therapeutic mechanisms of natural products for androgenetic alopecia, suggesting they may modulate signaling pathways and have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects.
November 2023 in “JCEM Case Reports” In this case report, a 55-year-old postmenopausal woman was diagnosed with ovarian hyperthecosis as the cause of her hyperandrogenism after detailed hormonal and imaging investigations, which was successfully treated with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, leading to symptom improvement and normalized testosterone levels.
December 2021 in “Journal of clinical images and medical case reports” This review compares mesotherapy and PRP for hair loss but reports no new clinical results; the authors highlight the need to understand their differences for optimal treatment choices.
January 2003 in “Humana Press eBooks” This review discusses the roles of dihydrotestosterone in fetal development and adult diseases, reporting no new clinical results; the authors emphasize the potential of 5α-reductase inhibitors for treatment.
37 citations
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January 2000 in “International Journal of Pharmaceutics” In a study using human scalp skin grafts on SCID mice, topical flutamide and finasteride significantly improved hair growth in male-pattern baldness compared to placebo, with flutamide showing superior results to finasteride.
31 citations
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August 2023 in “Cell Genomics” This study produced a high-coverage genome of the Tyrolean Iceman, revealing no Steppe-related ancestry but significant Anatolian-farmer-related ancestry, and found genetic markers associated with darker skin, male-pattern baldness, type 2 diabetes, and obesity, aligning with observations of his mummified body.
13 citations
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August 1991 in “The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association” This research found evidence of inflammatory involvement in androgenetic alopecia, with higher deposition of certain immune components in the scalp of affected patients compared to those without baldness.
7 citations
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October 2022 in “Development Growth & Differentiation” This review summarizes recent insights into the developmental origin and formation of tissue stem cells across various organs, reporting no new experimental results.
4 citations
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July 2022 in “Clinical and Experimental Dermatology” This review examines the efficacy and safety of using minoxidil at concentrations greater than 5% for androgenetic alopecia but reports no new clinical results, emphasizing a need for further research.
1 citations
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November 2025 in “Aging Cell” This review discusses the role of the ectodysplasin A2 receptor as a biomarker and driver of ageing related to inflammation, and its potential therapeutic implications, but reports no new clinical findings.
1 citations
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January 2022 in “Transgender health” This study found that gender-affirming hormone therapy in transgender men increased acne and male pattern hair loss, while in transgender women, it led to melasma and female pattern hair loss.
June 2026 in “Brazilian Journal of Health Review” In this study, a qualitative review of research suggested that regular moderate physical activity and healthy lifestyle habits may help manage male androgenetic alopecia by improving metabolic and hormonal balance, although excessive exercise could worsen hormonal effects linked to the condition.
April 2026 in “Canadian Medical Association Journal” This study reported that androgenetic alopecia in women becomes more prevalent with age, with risk factors including heredity and endocrine disorders, and differs clinically from male-pattern hair loss by causing diffuse hair thinning rather than loss at the temples or crown.
November 2025 in “Frontiers in Pharmacology” In this study, XZYFD, a Traditional Chinese Medicine formulation, was found to improve androgenetic alopecia in a testosterone-induced mouse model by promoting hair regrowth, restoring follicular morphology, and modulating androgen metabolism, MAPK signaling, and lipid metabolism pathways, suggesting potential benefits for patients with metabolic dysfunction.
September 2025 in “Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology” In this study, the use of rb‐bFGF in hair transplantation significantly increased follicle survival, reduced hair loss, improved patient satisfaction, and decreased complications compared to controls, in patients with androgenetic alopecia over a 12-month period.
April 2025 in “Journal of Skin and Stem Cell” This review discusses the potential of polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN) for various dermatological treatments and highlights its significant effects on wound healing, anti-aging, acne scars, and hair loss, but emphasizes the need for further clinical studies.
March 2025 in “Human Genetics and Genomics Advances” This study found that genetic predictions of male pattern baldness from European populations do not generalize well to African populations, highlighting significant differences in genetic architecture between them.
February 2025 in “Indian Dermatology Online Journal” This study explored the dermatological phenomena associated with sports and clinical scenarios, detailing unique conditions like "Athlete's nodule," "Runner's toe," and "Swimmer's ear," along with their diagnostic features and management strategies, uncovering how sports activities inform dermatological terminology and practice.
November 2024 in “Journal of Microscopy” This study found that micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) was highly effective for analyzing the cross-sectional geometry of hair fibres, including the medulla in highly curled hair, but less effective than scanning electron microscopy for surface details.
April 2024 in “American Journal of Biological Anthropology” This study suggests moving away from using rigid racial categorizations and outdated typologies in favor of analyzing detailed trait patterns, providing a foundation for future research on human variation and hair traits in relation to population affinity.
July 2023 in “Journal of Clinical Medicine” This paper identifies challenges in diagnosing alopecia variants, emphasizing the importance of pathologists understanding hair follicle histology, biopsy types, and collaborating with dermatologists to improve diagnostic accuracy.
January 2023 in “Operative Techniques in Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery” This chapter reviews the role of hair transplantation in gender affirming procedures for transitioning patients but reports no new clinical findings.