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Glossary Secondary Hair Follicles

smaller hair-producing structures that develop alongside primary follicles

Secondary hair follicles are smaller hair-producing structures that develop alongside primary hair follicles, typically in mammals with dense fur or wool. They produce finer, shorter hairs that contribute to the overall thickness and insulation properties of the animal's coat. These follicles are crucial for maintaining the density and texture of the fur, especially in species adapted to cold environments.

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research 1326 Hes1 regulates anagen initiation and hair follicle regeneration through modulation of hedgehog signaling

April 2018 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

This study found that the absence of Hes1 in hair follicles delays secondary hair germ activation and shortens the anagen phase, impacting HFSC self-renewal and long-term hair regeneration.

research Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of Fetal Skin Reveals Key Genes Related to Hair Follicle Morphogenesis in Cashmere Goats

127 citations , March 2016 in “PLoS ONE”

This study found that transcriptome profiling of cashmere goat skin revealed key genes and pathways involved in hair follicle initiation, differentiation, and maturation, which are critical for improving fleece production.

research Expression profile analysis of microRNAs during hair follicle development in the sheep foetus

9 citations , April 2019 in “Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry”

This research identified key miRNAs involved in sheep fetal hair follicle development, highlighting the prolactin signaling pathway and platelet activation as critical processes in secondary follicle initiation.

research TMT-based quantitative proteomics reveals the genetic mechanisms of secondary hair follicle development in fine-wool sheep

2 citations , February 2025 in “PLoS ONE”

This study used TMT-based quantitative proteomics to analyze the development of secondary hair follicles in fetal sheep, revealing increased follicle density and key proteins involved, such as COL1A1 and THBS4, indicating their potential role in wool quality traits.

research Dermal EZH2 orchestrates dermal differentiation and epidermal proliferation during murine skin development

6 citations , June 2021 in “Developmental biology”

This study found that dermal EZH2 plays a crucial role in controlling fibroblast differentiation by regulating Wnt/β-catenin and retinoic acid signaling during skin development.

research Skin transcriptome reveals the periodic changes in genes underlying cashmere (ground hair) follicle transition in Cashmere goats

February 2020 in “Research Square (Research Square)”

In this study, the researchers identified key genes, including KAP and KRTAP, that correlate with the secondary hair follicle growth cycle in Inner Mongolian cashmere goats, emphasizing March as the significant transition month.

Androgenetic Alopecia: Modeling Progression and Regrowth

research Androgenetic alopecia. Modelling progression and regrowth

4 citations , April 2016 in “Experimental Dermatology”

This commentary discusses the mechanisms of progression and potential regrowth in androgenetic alopecia, indicating that the initiation of anagen in kenogen follicles is more critical for hair density improvement than reversing follicle miniaturization.

Cell-Type-Specific Chromatin States Differentially Prime Squamous Cell Carcinoma Tumor-Initiating Cells for Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition

research Cell-Type-Specific Chromatin States Differentially Prime Squamous Cell Carcinoma Tumor-Initiating Cells for Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition

174 citations , November 2016 in “Cell stem cell”

This study found that squamous cell carcinomas from hair follicle stem cells are more prone to epithelial to mesenchymal transition and metastasis than those from interfollicular epidermis, due to distinct chromatin landscapes.

research KIL FOLİKÜLÜ GELİŞİMİ ÜZERİNE ETKİLİ GENLER

2 citations , September 2017 in “Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi dergisi”

This review discusses the anatomy and gene involvement in the development of animal hair follicles and reports no new experimental results; it calls for continued examination of gene roles in hair quality.

research Dermal EZH2 simultaneously orchestrates dermal differentiation and epidermal proliferation during murine skin development

November 2020 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)”

The study found that dermal EZH2 plays a crucial role in coordinating dermal fibroblast differentiation and epidermal development by modulating Wnt/β-catenin and retinoic acid signaling.

research Identification of key pathways and genes that regulate cashmere development in cashmere goats mediated by exogenous melatonin

3 citations , September 2022 in “Frontiers in veterinary science”

This study identified key genes and signaling pathways involved in cashmere goat hair follicle growth cycles, influenced by melatonin implantation, suggesting a basis for further research on melatonin's regulatory mechanism.

research The Stability of Vitamin A-induced Metaplasia of Mouse Vibrissa Follicles In Vitro

18 citations , October 1978 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

This study found that excess vitamin A induced stable glandular morphogenesis and mucous metaplasia in embryonic mouse vibrissa follicles, even after switching to standard medium.

research Expression of SPARC (secreted protein acidic rich in cysteine) throughout the hair cycle in rats

1 citations , January 2004 in “Adelaide Research & Scholarship (AR&S) (University of Adelaide)”

This study concludes that SPARC is likely a secondary response during the hair cycle's transitional phases, indicating tissue-remodeling processes similar to those in wound repair, rather than initiating these transitions.

research Telogen Effluvium and COVID-19

November 2022 in “DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)”

This case report describes a 39-year-old hypertensive and obese patient experiencing telogen effluvium potentially linked to a previous moderate COVID-19 infection, emphasizing the need for awareness of late symptoms associated with the disease.

Melatonin Promotes Secondary Hair Follicle Development in Early Postnatal Cashmere Goats and Improves Cashmere Quantity and Quality by Enhancing Antioxidant Capacity and Suppressing Apoptosis

research Melatonin promotes secondary hair follicle development of early postnatal cashmere goat and improves cashmere quantity and quality by enhancing antioxidant capacity and suppressing apoptosis

46 citations , March 2019 in “Journal of Pineal Research”

The study found that melatonin treatment in early postnatal cashmere goats increased both the quantity and quality of cashmere by promoting secondary hair follicle development and enhancing antioxidant enzyme activities.

Screening of MicroRNA and mRNA Related to Secondary Hair Follicle Morphogenesis and Development and Functional Analysis in Cashmere Goats

research Screening of microRNA and mRNA related to secondary hair follicle morphogenesis and development and functional analysis in cashmere goats

14 citations , April 2022 in “Functional & Integrative Genomics”

This study identified specific miRNAs and mRNAs involved in the development of secondary hair follicles in cashmere goats, particularly noting a targeted relationship between chi-miR-30e-5p and DLL4.

Melatonin Promotes Cashmere Goat (Capra Hircus) Secondary Hair Follicle Growth: A View from Integrated Analysis of Long Non-Coding and Coding RNAs

research Melatonin promotes Cashmere goat (Capra hircus) secondary hair follicle growth: a view from integrated analysis of long non-coding and coding RNAs

32 citations , May 2018 in “Cell Cycle”

This study found that melatonin exposure promoted hair follicle fiber growth in Cashmere goat cultures, potentially influencing pathways related to the microvascular system and extracellular matrix.

LncRNAs in Secondary Hair Follicle of Cashmere Goat: Identification, Expression, and Their Regulatory Network in Wnt Signaling Pathway

research LncRNAs in Secondary Hair Follicle of Cashmere Goat: Identification, Expression, and Their Regulatory Network in Wnt Signaling Pathway

25 citations , August 2017 in “Animal Biotechnology”

This study identified and characterized several long noncoding RNAs in Cashmere goats, revealing complex regulatory roles in hair follicle development and growth, particularly within the Wnt signaling pathway.

LncRNA-000133 from Secondary Hair Follicle of Cashmere Goat: Identification, Regulatory Network, and Its Effects on Inductive Property of Dermal Papilla Cells

research LncRNA-000133 from secondary hair follicle of Cashmere goat: identification, regulatory network and its effects on inductive property of dermal papilla cells

18 citations , January 2019 in “Animal Biotechnology”

This study found that lncRNA-000133 may play a role in secondary hair follicle reconstruction and cashmere fiber growth in goats, potentially through its interaction with the methylation of its regulatory region and dermal papilla cells.

Novel circRNAs From Cashmere Goats: Discovery, Integrated Regulatory Network, and Their Putative Roles in the Regeneration and Growth of Secondary Hair Follicles

research Novel circRNAs from cashmere goats: Discovery, integrated regulatory network, and their putative roles in the regeneration and growth of secondary hair follicles

7 citations , June 2022 in “Czech Journal of Animal Science”

This study identified 21 novel circular RNAs in cashmere goats, with nine significantly more expressed during the anagen phase of hair follicle growth, suggesting roles in hair regeneration and cashmere yield enhancement.

N6-Methyladenosine (m6A)-circHECA From Secondary Hair Follicle of Cashmere Goats: Identification, Regulatory Network and Expression Regulated Potentially by Methylation of Its Host Gene Promoter

research N6-methyladenosine (m6A)-circHECA from secondary hair follicle of cashmere goats: identification, regulatory network and expression regulated potentially by methylation of its host gene promoter

2 citations , August 2024 in “Animal Bioscience”

This study suggests that m6A-circHECA may influence the physiology of cashmere goats' SHFs both through miRNA pathways and interactions with target proteins, with promoter methylation potentially inhibiting its gene expression.

research Quercetin promotes production of secondary hair follicle stem cells in cashmere goat: a mechanistic study

October 2025 in “Frontiers in Veterinary Science”

This study found that treating secondary hair follicle stem cells from Arbas cashmere goats with 10 μg/mL quercetin for 48 hours significantly boosted cell proliferation and reduced apoptosis by activating several signaling pathways, suggesting a potential strategy to enhance cashmere production.

research Hes1 regulates anagen initiation and hair follicle regeneration through modulation of hedgehog signaling

20 citations , November 2019 in “Stem Cells”

This study found that deleting the Hes1 gene disrupts hair regeneration by delaying anagen initiation and shortening the anagen phase, suggesting it's crucial for maintaining hair cycle homeostasis.

Dermal β-Catenin Activity in Response to Epidermal Wnt Ligands Is Required for Fibroblast Proliferation and Hair Follicle Initiation

research Dermal β-catenin activity in response to epidermal Wnt ligands is required for fibroblast proliferation and hair follicle initiation

207 citations , March 2012 in “Development”

In this mouse study, researchers found that dermal Wnt signaling/β-catenin activity is essential for fibroblast proliferation and initiating hair follicle formation by interacting with epidermal Wnt ligands.

Targeted Expression of Human Vitamin D Receptor in the Skin Promotes the Initiation of the Postnatal Hair Follicle Cycle and Rescues Alopecia in Vitamin D Receptor Null Mice

research Targeted Expression of Human Vitamin D Receptor in the Skin Promotes the Initiation of the Postnatal Hair Follicle Cycle and Rescues the Alopecia in Vitamin D Receptor Null Mice

57 citations , April 2002 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

This study found that the vitamin D receptor is crucial for initiating the postnatal hair follicular cycle in mice, preventing alopecia associated with its inactivation.

Complex Changes in the Apoptotic and Cell Differentiation Programs During Initiation of the Hair Follicle Response to Chemotherapy

research Complex Changes in the Apoptotic and Cell Differentiation Programs during Initiation of the Hair Follicle Response to Chemotherapy

12 citations , July 2014 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

This study found that doxorubicin induces hair follicle apoptosis through TRAIL receptor signaling, providing insights for managing chemotherapy-induced hair loss.

research Telogen Effluvium and COVID-19: a case and a brief review of literature

November 2022 in “Medicina”

This case report describes post-COVID-19 telogen effluvium in a 39-year-old patient, suggesting that COVID-19 may trigger significant hair loss as a late symptom.

Proteomic Analysis of Fetal Skin by iTRAQ Reveals Molecular Signals Underlying Inner Mongolia Cashmere Goat Hair Follicle Initiation

research Proteomic analysis of fetal skin by iTRAQ reveals molecular signals underlying Inner Mongolia Cashmere goat hair follicle initiation

1 citations , February 2023 in “All Life”

This study identified proteins involved in hair follicle formation in cashmere goat embryos, highlighting potential signaling factors that may drive hair follicle initiation and cashmere growth.

Construction and Functional Analysis of CeRNA Regulatory Network Related to the Development of Secondary Hair Follicles in Inner Mongolia Cashmere Goats

research Construction and functional analysis of ceRNA regulatory network related to the development of secondary hair follicles in Inner Mongolia cashmere goats

2 citations , August 2022 in “Frontiers in Veterinary Science”

This study constructed a ceRNA regulatory network related to cashmere goat secondary hair follicle development, highlighting the role of circRNA in their morphogenesis through the ceRNA mechanism.

research Molecular Regulation of Secondary Hair Follicle Stem Cell by S100a4 in Cashmere Goat

January 2026 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences”

In this study, researchers identified S100a4 as a critical regulator of secondary hair follicle stem cells in cashmere goats, linking its expression to follicle regeneration and differentiation pathways, which may have implications for enhancing cashmere fiber production.