26 citations
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September 2018 in “Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces” This study reported that a novel liposomal formulation, SP-bFGF-SF-LIP, enhanced bFGF stability and skin permeability, significantly improving hair follicle recovery and wound healing in a mouse model.
March 2024 in “Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy” This study found that Nymphaea caerulea flower extract may improve scalp condition by reducing sebum production, inhibiting inflammation and microbial factors, and decreasing cortisol and vascular permeability.
52 citations
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February 1985 in “Archives of Dermatology” Minoxidil absorbs poorly through skin, with low risk of side effects at 1-2% concentration.
69 citations
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December 2015 in “Journal of Controlled Release” This study found that nanocapsules formulated as a dispersion and applied with massage may enhance follicular uptake of clobetasol propionate while minimizing its skin penetration, offering a potential improvement over conventional treatments for scalp diseases.
30 citations
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April 1990 in “Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics” This study found that coadministering minoxidil with tretinoin cream increased minoxidil absorption nearly threefold in healthy males, attributed to increased stratum corneum permeability.
October 2024 in “International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research” This study reviewed existing literature on Androgenetic Alopecia treatments, finding that minoxidil promotes hair growth but can cause side effects due to its traditional formulations. Novel delivery systems like film-forming sprays may reduce these side effects and enhance efficacy.
April 2017 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Applying pseudoceramide improved skin and hair health.
1 citations
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January 2012 in “Human health handbooks” This review discusses the essential role of linoleic acid in preventing deficiency symptoms and enhancing skin function, but notes that scientific knowledge on its potential therapeutic use for skin diseases remains limited.
71 citations
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June 2007 in “Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters” This study found that PLGA nanospheres improved scalp-pore permeability and enhanced hair growth activities in mice, suggesting their potential as drug delivery carriers for hair growth ingredients.
82 citations
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January 2002 in “Journal of drug targeting” This study found that drug delivery through human scalp skin may be more effective for lipophilic and hydrophilic drugs compared to abdominal skin, highlighting the potential of intrafollicular delivery methods.
January 2026 in “Journal of Materials Chemistry B” In this study, researchers addressed the limitations of adenosine's practical application in treating inflammation, oxidative stress, and tissue repair due to its poor water solubility and low transdermal permeability. Results are not reported in the abstract.
June 2026 in “YAKUGAKU ZASSHI” This study investigated the impact of container-tip design and hair density on the scalp delivery of minoxidil in topical formulations, finding that higher hair density reduced delivery, particularly with larger tip containers, indicating the importance of these factors in product design.
6 citations
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January 2025 in “Molecules” This review highlights the challenges in developing nano-scale drug delivery systems for natural antioxidants in wound healing, pointing out issues like low solubility and skin permeability, and discusses potential solutions such as combining polymers and lipids to enhance delivery effectiveness.
18 citations
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March 2014 in “Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy” This study evaluated new aqueous gel formulations of minoxidil without irritants and found that the calcium alginate gel showed the best performance in terms of drug release and skin permeation.
52 citations
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December 2000 in “Archives of Dermatological Research” This study found that the stratum corneum of scalp skin in humans has distinct functional characteristics compared to the facial skin and volar forearm, including higher hydration levels and intermediate epidermal turnover rates.
12 citations
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July 2011 in “European Journal of Dermatology” The authors concluded that VSCAPSI, a videodermoscopy-based assessment tool, provides evidence for early diagnosis, differential diagnosis, follow-up, and screening of scalp psoriasis.
19 citations
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July 2009 in “Clinical and Experimental Dermatology” This article discusses how the balding scalp's exposure to UV and near-infrared light may accelerate aging, with changes detectable under ultraviolet light; it presents no new clinical findings.
4 citations
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January 2021 in “Skin appendage disorders” In this study, researchers found that washing hair 5–6 times per week results in higher satisfaction and better objective and subjective hair and scalp conditions among Asian populations, with no observed detrimental effects from frequent washing.
1 citations
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July 2023 in “Cutis” This study suggests that scalp rolling could be a promising and affordable adjuvant treatment for alopecia areata, potentially promoting hair regrowth by enhancing the effects of topical medications and inducing collagen.
1 citations
,
July 2022 in “Functional foods in health and disease/Journal of functional foods in health & disease” This study found that oral probiotic supplementation over 12 weeks may improve hair growth, skin condition, metabolic health, and stress responses in Chinese adults with hair loss and a high risk of metabolic syndrome.
December 2025 in “The American Journal of Medical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Research” This study suggests that integrating barber care with medical treatment improves scalp condition and psychological well-being in early stages of hair loss, by enhancing medication efficacy and reducing stress.
December 2025 in “Aesthetic Cosmetology and Medicine” This study emphasizes the need for personalized hair care strategies based on in-depth diagnostics, taking into account scalp type, environmental factors, and the microbiome, suggesting that this holistic approach could improve hair condition.
September 2025 in “Sahel Journal of Life Sciences FUDMA” This study reported that albino Wistar rats exposed to chemical hair straighteners showed significant hair fiber damage and scalp skin deterioration, which worsened with repeated and prolonged application, highlighting the cytotoxic potential of these products and potential systemic risks.
Using high-throughput proteomics, this study identified 34 differentially expressed proteins in the lesional skin of adults with scalp psoriasis, suggesting a cytokine storm response linked to bacterial antigens.
February 2024 in “Pharmaceutical research” In this in silico study, researchers found that the hair follicle's contribution to dermal permeability of small molecules varies with the lipophilic and hydrophilic properties of substances, highlighting the need for careful characterization of substances filling the follicular route when interpreting experimental permeability data.
8 citations
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January 2008 in “European Journal of Pediatrics” This report describes two prepubertal children with autoimmune gastritis, highlighting the need to screen paediatric patients with organ-specific autoimmune diseases for co-existing conditions.
41 citations
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June 2006 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” This study identified three genes with significantly higher expression in androgen-sensitive beard dermal papilla cells compared to androgen-insensitive scalp cells, suggesting potential novel signaling pathways in hair follicles.
June 2019 in “Stem Cell Research” This study established a pluripotent stem cell line from a patient with androgenetic alopecia, which can potentially be used to study the disease's pathological mechanisms.
5 citations
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May 2020 in “Pharmaceutical Research” This study found that short durations of heat and specific chemical penetration enhancers significantly improved the delivery of finasteride to human scalp skin and hair follicles.
4 citations
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September 2012 in “Journal of dermatological science” The hair follicle's connective tissue is a key source of a certain collagen in human scalp skin.