33 citations
,
April 1990 in “Dermatologic Clinics” Minoxidil effectively treats hair loss, with better results in women.
2 citations
,
August 2019 in “Turkish Journal of Chemistry” This study reported that CoFe2O4 magnetic nanoparticles efficiently catalyzed the synthesis of minoxidil from 2,6-diamino-4-chloro-pyrimidine N-oxide, achieving a 95% yield with sustained reusability.
149 citations
,
March 2004 in “Journal of Dermatological Science” This study found that minoxidil stimulates hair follicle growth by promoting dermal papilla cell survival and activating ERK and Akt pathways, which leads to increased proliferation and reduced cell death.
45 citations
,
January 1981 in “Annals of Internal Medicine” Minoxidil controls blood pressure effectively, but may cause side effects like hypertrichosis.
45 citations
,
November 1979 in “British Journal of Dermatology” This report describes a case of hypertrichosis associated with minoxidil use and suggests that nearly all patients on this drug may experience this side effect.
34 citations
,
March 2004 in “Journal of Liposome Research” This study found that neutral liposomes were most effective at delivering minoxidil into pilosebaceous units compared to other tested formulations.
29 citations
,
August 1985 in “Contact Dermatitis” Minoxidil can cause allergic reactions like burning, itching, and red bumps.
28 citations
,
April 2008 in “Journal of Inclusion Phenomena and Macrocyclic Chemistry” This study identified a weak interaction between minoxidil and ß-cyclodextrin in solution, forming an inclusion complex with a 1:1 molar ratio.
24 citations
,
April 2011 in “Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data” This study measured the solubility of minoxidil in various solvents, finding the highest solubility in methanol and lowest in water, with solubility correlating to temperature.
21 citations
,
October 1978 in “The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology”
20 citations
,
March 1994 in “Clinical and Experimental Dermatology” In this case report, a 16-year-old girl developed generalized hypertrichosis after using excessive doses of topical minoxidil for diffuse alopecia, which resolved four months after stopping treatment.
17 citations
,
May 1998 in “Contact Dermatitis” Minoxidil can cause pustular allergic reactions on skin.
17 citations
,
April 1975 in “The Journal of Pediatrics” Minoxidil effectively controls severe high blood pressure in children with few side effects.
8 citations
,
January 2011 in “Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry” Minoxidil reacts to nitrosation 7 times more than phenol, mainly due to its -NH₂ groups, leading to the creation of N-nitrosominoxidil.
4 citations
,
September 2015 in “Case Reports” The authors describe a case of syncope in a young man after using high strength topical minoxidil, which resolved when he stopped the treatment, highlighting a rare documented reaction.
January 2026 in “National Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences” This study developed and validated a Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionization Detection method for assessing minoxidil, which shows good precision, accuracy, and specificity for quality control and pharmacokinetic studies.
January 2018 in “Elsevier eBooks” This article reviews the mechanisms and uses of minoxidil for hypertension and androgenetic alopecia, without presenting new clinical findings.
November 2019 in “Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas” This article discusses the historic use of oral minoxidil for severe hypertension and the subsequent development of a topical formulation for treating pattern hair loss, but reports no new results.
90 citations
,
May 1972 in “Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics” Minoxidil quickly leaves blood, turns into urine metabolites, and has lasting blood pressure-lowering effects.
31 citations
,
August 1975 in “Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences” This study found that different species metabolized minoxidil into various products, with monkeys and humans showing similar profiles primarily excreting a glucuronide conjugate, while rats and dogs showed distinct differences.
16 citations
,
March 2017 in “Journal of inclusion phenomena and macrocyclic chemistry” This study found that using 2-hydroxypropyl-ß-cyclodextrin (HP-ß-CD) to encapsulate minoxidil can create a stable aqueous solution, potentially replacing the need for organic solvents in topical treatments for androgenic alopecia.
15 citations
,
January 2020 in “RSC advances” In this study, researchers developed a new Supported Ionic Liquid Phase palladium catalyst that showed effectiveness in aminocarbonylation reactions for synthesizing pharmaceutical compounds like CX-546 and a precursor of Finasteride, though results were sensitive to substrate variations and prompted palladium leaching concerns.
14 citations
,
November 2006 in “Current Medicinal Chemistry” This review discusses recent developments in α1-adrenoceptor antagonists and 5α-reductase inhibitors for treating benign prostatic hyperplasia, reporting no new clinical results while identifying potential areas for future drug development.
13 citations
,
October 2017 in “Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry” This study found that compound 3, a tetrahydropyridoindole carboxymethylated at position 5, significantly inhibited sorbitol accumulation in both rat eye lenses and tissues affected by diabetes, indicating its potential as a lead compound for ALR2 inhibition.
6 citations
,
August 2014 in “Spectroscopy Letters” This study reported that the calculated and experimental electronic and vibrational properties of minoxidil were in good agreement, providing detailed insights into its molecular structure and thermal behaviors.
268 citations
,
April 2009 in “International Journal of Pharmaceutics” In this study, niosomal formulations enhanced minoxidil skin accumulation compared to commercial and control solutions, suggesting a potential improvement for topical delivery in hair loss treatment.
212 citations
,
September 2008 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” This review discusses the various treatment options for male and female pattern hair loss and provides no new clinical results; the authors outline the most effective strategies based on existing evidence.
138 citations
,
August 1985 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” Minoxidil promotes hair growth in male pattern baldness.
117 citations
,
August 2019 in “Drug Design Development and Therapy” This review article provides an updated overview of the pharmacology, mechanism of action, clinical efficacy, and adverse events associated with topical minoxidil, a widely used treatment for androgenetic alopecia and other hair loss conditions, while noting that its exact mechanism is still not fully understood.
102 citations
,
September 1977 in “The Lancet” Minoxidil with propranolol and diuretics lowers blood pressure but causes fluid retention and hair growth.