June 2007 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Title change to "Central Centrifugal Cicatricial Alopecia (CCCA)"; common in African American women; hair-grooming methods may contribute; no effective therapy found; trials needed.
19 citations
,
May 2011 in “Dermatologic Therapy” This article discusses various options for camouflaging hair loss involving the scalp, eyebrows, and eyelashes, and reports no new clinical findings.
2 citations
,
January 2015 in “Sen'i Gakkaishi” This study found that washing hair after reduction in a permanent waving process allows for significant reformation of disulfide cross-links, enhancing the strength and elasticity of hair fibers.
May 2007 in “Dermatologic Therapy” Hair care practices like using relaxers and tight braiding can lead to permanent hair loss in black women.
1 citations
,
January 2013 in “PubMed” In this study, treating hair with thioglycolic acid was found to alter disulfide bond patterns in keratin-associated proteins, shifting them from an ellipsoidal to a near-spherical shape.
34 citations
,
November 2008 in “British Journal of Dermatology” Hair extensions can cause hair loss and scalp damage, and these problems might be more common than people realize.
April 1981 in “Postgraduate Medicine” This article reviews surgical hair replacement techniques for bald patients dissatisfied with hairpieces and reports that various options provide good results with minimal side effects, emphasizing the importance of frontal area design for a natural appearance.
73 citations
,
November 2005 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings” This article reviews the potential relationship between different forms of permanent hair loss such as cicatricial pattern hair loss and discusses related conditions, reporting no new clinical findings.
16 citations
,
March 2017 in “Bone Marrow Transplantation” In this study, permanent alopecia after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation was found in 16% of patients and was significantly associated with conditioning regimens involving busulphan.
45 citations
,
December 2006 in “Biopolymers” This study found that permanent waving treatment induces structural changes in the cortex proteins of white human hair, significantly reducing its tensile strength without altering the S-S band intensity.
20 citations
,
July 1988 in “Clinics in dermatology” This article reviews the current practices and interpretations of research data on permanent waving and hair straightening, but does not present any new research findings.
18 citations
,
January 2008 in “Sen'i Gakkaishi” This study observed that repeated perm treatments decrease disulfide bonds in hair due to their conversion largely into cysteic acid, affecting the waving efficiency depending on the reduction agent used.
11 citations
,
January 1999 in “Dermatologic Surgery” The researchers reported that using extenders during scalp reductions increased effectiveness by 30 to 86% and prevented "stretch-back" in subsequent procedures.
This article examines how digital technologies, drawing on Marshall McLuhan's concept of media as an "extension of man," transform design thinking by creating new possibilities without replacing it, emphasizing the need for a hybrid, reflective practice in design.
8 citations
,
December 2021 in “BMJ neurology open” This study on Alzheimer's patients found that chronic sodium selenate treatment (up to 23 months) was safe and well-tolerated, with most adverse events being mild, and suggested potential slowing of cognitive decline, though confirmation requires further controlled studies.
72 citations
,
November 2015 in “Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders” This study concluded that teriflunomide has a consistent and manageable safety profile, with common mild-to-moderate adverse events and no new safety concerns identified over up to 12 years of treatment.
June 2021 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)” This study found that gene therapy using a mouse cytomegalovirus vector with telomerase reverse transcriptase or follistatin significantly extended lifespan and improved health markers in mice, without adverse effects.
January 2013 in “Sen'i Gakkaishi” This study found that microfibrils play a crucial role in shaping permanent waves by thioglycolic acid, and treating damaged hair with hydrolyzed keratin improved both waving efficiency and hair damage.
September 2025 in “JAAD Case Reports” Hair extensions can worsen scalp conditions and should be avoided in those with alopecia.
November 2011 in “Informa Healthcare eBooks” Environmental, chemical, mechanical, and personal health factors can all damage hair and contribute to hair loss or changes in hair quality.
January 1991 in “Journal of Society of Cosmetic Chemists of Japan” In this study, researchers found that specific enzyme activities in young females' hair follicles were correlated with changes in hair shaft structure and properties, and permanent waving was associated with chemical changes that suggest hair damage.
4 citations
,
January 2015 in “Sen'i Gakkaishi” This study proposed a network model for the cross-linked structure of keratin-associated proteins in hair and wool fibers, suggesting notable differences between the two, potentially affecting hair fiber elasticity.
February 2026 in “Journal of Craniofacial Surgery Open” This narrative review outlines the biological costs of hair extensions, such as traction leading to hair loss and scalp issues, and suggests a prevention-focused model involving risk assessment, surveillance, and tiered therapies to minimize alopecia risk and maintain scalp health.
1 citations
,
June 2001 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Surgery and Aesthetic Dermatology” In this study, an innovative flap procedure was described that may effectively treat extensive frontal baldness through a 180° rotation of a midline occipital flap, aligning hairs naturally.
60 citations
,
April 2018 in “Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology” This review discusses the causes and diagnosis of traction alopecia, emphasizing education for high-risk populations as there is currently no cure, and presents no new clinical findings.
59 citations
,
August 2010 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” This study observed that certain hair care practices, such as wearing cornrows and using hair extensions, were strongly associated with the development of traction alopecia and seborrheic dermatitis in African American girls.
22 citations
,
May 2012 in “Dermatologic Therapy” This article reviews the lack of major breakthroughs and limited therapeutic options for extensive hair loss, emphasizing the need to address its psychological impact; it reports no new clinical results.
15 citations
,
February 2017 in “International Journal of Women's Dermatology” This review discusses various methods to conceal hair loss, such as wigs and hair transplants, and reports no new clinical results; the authors evaluate each option's pros and cons.
12 citations
,
March 1982 in “International Journal of Women's Dermatology” This review discusses various methods to conceal hair loss, such as wigs and hair transplants, and reports no new clinical results.
1 citations
,
October 2021 in “Indian Journal of Plastic Surgery/Indian journal of plastic surgery” This study highlights that improving medical professionals' knowledge of hair cosmetics can enhance patient adherence to alopecia treatments and reduce health risks from incorrect use of hair products.