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This study found that perming, combing, and stretching human hair lead to damage, as evidenced by a reduction in keratins with molecular weights between 67,000 to 43,000 daltons.

Title change to "Central Centrifugal Cicatricial Alopecia (CCCA)"; common in African American women; hair-grooming methods may contribute; no effective therapy found; trials needed.

This review discusses the potential of nanocarriers to enhance transdermal drug delivery and the combination of these carriers with physical methods, but it reports no new experimental results.

In this study, ethosomes were found to improve the skin penetration of a model lipophilic drug more effectively than liposomes or hydroethanolic solutions, suggesting a unique mechanism involving the breakdown of vesicles in the skin.

This review study focused on various in vitro methods to evaluate skin permeation and retention of sunscreens, highlighting the importance of assessing sunscreen penetration due to widespread nanomaterial usage and advancements in cosmetic formulation.

This study found that nanocapsules formulated as a dispersion and applied with massage may enhance follicular uptake of clobetasol propionate while minimizing its skin penetration, offering a potential improvement over conventional treatments for scalp diseases.

This study found that keratin films made from human hair can potentially substitute for human nail plates in drug permeability studies, but they show higher sensitivity to penetration enhancers compared to bovine hooves.

This study found that nanoparticles did not permeate intact rat skin but could penetrate skin that had been artificially punctured, primarily through grooves or hair follicles.

This study found that heterozygous mice overexpressing Claudin-6 experienced alterations in epidermal and hair follicle differentiation, leading to distinctive coat characteristics and a disrupted epidermal permeability barrier.

This study found that liposomes coated with cationic polymers, chitosan and Eudragit EPO, showed improved physicochemical stability and enhanced skin diffusion of aciclovir and minoxidil compared to uncoated liposomes.

In this study, lecithin/n-propanol/isopropyl myristate/water/tetracaine hydrochloride microemulsion was found to be a safe carrier for transdermal drug delivery in animal models, with analgesic effects on Wistar rats.

The researchers reported that VEGF increases vascular permeability in mesenteric microvessels of anaesthetized frogs through specific cellular pathways involving tyrosine autophosphorylation and PLC activation.

In this study, minoxidil sulfate was found to relax norepinephrine-induced contractions in rabbit mesenteric arteries, possibly by acting as a K+ channel agonist, but it did not relax K+-induced contractions.

This study found that fractional laser treatment significantly enhances the penetration and targeting of certain permeants, such as imiquimod and FD, to skin follicles, but not hydroquinone.

In this study, knockout mice lacking the Cyp4f39 gene showed severe skin barrier dysfunction and high early mortality, suggesting its critical role in skin barrier formation and insights into ichthyosis pathogenesis.

This study found that 50-nm PLGA nanoparticles delivered with iontophoresis enhanced skin permeation of indomethacin in rats more effectively than 100-nm nanoparticles, suggesting improved targeting of hair follicles.

This study found that using monoolein cubic phase nanoparticles with an entrapped hydroxypropyl β-cyclodextrin/minoxidil complex increased minoxidil skin permeation, but minoxidil retention in the skin was higher with a traditional solution.

This study presented a new two-dimensional model that successfully predicts transdermal permeation of caffeine, highlighting the significant role of the follicular pathway in increasing systemic bioavailability.

This study found that polymers significantly improved the chemical and microbial stability of steroid hormones in liposome formulations over eight weeks, with finasteride showing the highest diffusion rate.

This study found that Er–YAG laser treatment significantly enhanced skin absorption and follicular delivery of antialopecia drugs, suggesting a potential laser-assisted approach to treat alopecia.

This study found that using drug microplates in transdermal finasteride films enhances aqueous solubility and skin permeation compared to films with pure finasteride.

This study reported that a novel liposomal formulation, SP-bFGF-SF-LIP, enhanced bFGF stability and skin permeability, significantly improving hair follicle recovery and wound healing in a mouse model.

PEVs effectively deliver minoxidil through skin.

CUR-loaded micelles improve skin delivery and effects of curcumin for pain and infections.

This study found that porcine skin serves as a reliable model for studying drug absorption into human hair follicles, showing a strong correlation in follicular drug absorption between porcine and human skin.

This study found that cholesterol- and phospholipid-free multilamellar niosomes improved skin deposition and targeted deeper hair follicles better than hydrophobic PLGA nanoparticles for transdermal drug delivery.

This study found that dutasteride reduced β-amyloid plaque load in a cerebral amyloidosis model, seemingly linked to mitochondrial apoptosis and autophagy processes.

This study suggests that minoxidil may serve as a suitable reference drug for high permeability classification in the Biopharmaceutics Classification System due to its consistent permeability across different intestinal segments and pH levels.

This study found that caffeine and flufenamic acid penetrated porcine skin more effectively through hair follicles, while the importance of the follicular pathway varied for other substances tested.

This study found that elastic liposomes enhanced skin delivery of genistein in haired skin compared to conventional liposomes, but showed decreased effectiveness in hairless skin.