4 citations
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August 2016 in “PubMed” This study analyzed how oxidative hair dye leaches from pigmented and nonpigmented hair during wash cycles, finding that melanin influences the dye deposition and leaching processes.
October 2024 in “UNESP Institutional Repository (São Paulo State University)” This study investigated the effects of ammonium thioglycolate and amino methylpropanol hair straightening followed by permanent coloring, finding significant physical and chemical changes to both the cuticle and cortex of hair fibers.
25 citations
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January 2013 in “Colloids and surfaces. B, Biointerfaces” This study found that melanin granules in black human hair are key dyeing regions for oxidative hair coloring, as confirmed by nanoscale mass spectrometry analysis detecting deuterium ions.
5 citations
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January 2011 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” This study found that 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline derivatives, particularly N-methyl-7-amino-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline, may be excellent blue dye candidates for human hair, offering superior color purity, stability, and fastness compared to 2,3-dihydroindoles.
1 citations
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June 2023 in “Skin Research and Technology” This study found that two shampoos with different dyeing methods had varying abilities to dye hair and impact hair health, suggesting that individuals should select hair color shampoos based on their personal needs.
7 citations
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January 1995 This study found that using a high-viscosity, high-amine-content silicone fluid as a pretreatment can protect hair from bleaching and dyeing damage without affecting these processes.
November 2025 in “Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)” This study examined how different hair dye processes affect hair structure at a molecular level, finding that oxidative dyes increase keratin porosity more than non-oxidative dyes, and highlighted emerging technology aimed at reducing hair damage while preserving color quality.
November 2025 in “Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)” In this study, researchers investigated how different hair dye processes affect hair structure, finding that oxidative dyes disrupt hair more than semi-permanent dyes, and emerging technologies could help maintain hair health while achieving desired color.
November 2025 in “International Journal of Science and Research Archive” This study reviews how different hair dyeing methods affect hair structure, showing oxidative dyes cause more structural damage than semi-permanent dyes, while new technologies aim to minimize harm while preserving color.
March 2013 in “Molecular & Cellular Toxicology/Molecular & cellular toxicology” In this study, exposure to m-Aminophenol in human keratinocytes altered the expression of thousands of genes involved in inflammation and stress responses, suggesting potential biomarkers for MAP-induced skin toxicity.
May 2026 in “Brazilian Journal of Hair Health” This study found that bleaching significantly damages hair structure and increases combing difficulty, while dyeing with emulsifiers can partially reduce damage and improve combability, yet both processes cause notable protein loss.
June 2025 in “OPAL (Open@LaTrobe) (La Trobe University)” This study found that a synthetic polyphenol, dimeric 1,2,4-benzenetriol (diBTO), can coat gray hair and gradually oxidize, creating a resistant brown layer similar to apple browning, which offers a practical hair dyeing solution that withstands washing and reduces the need for long dyeing sessions.
1 citations
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December 2022 in “Middle East Journal of Science” This review covers hair dye formulations, their mechanisms, and potential applications, but reports no new findings; the authors highlight the process of oxidative dyeing and repairing damaged hair.
August 2024 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” This study found that acetyl zingerone methyl ether (MAZ) in hair dyes and haircare products may reduce oxidative damage, improve hair condition, and enhance the longevity and quality of dyed hair color.
June 2026 in “Applied and Computational Engineering” This study reviewed the principles and classifications of hair dyes, identifying significant differences between oxidative, temporary non-oxidative, and semi-permanent non-oxidative dyes in terms of duration, application methods, and potential risks, which could help improve safety and convenience in hair dye use.
20 citations
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February 2023 in “Biology” This review highlights the possibility of safely altering hair color through innovative cosmetics by targeting key biological processes in hair follicles, using insights from mammalian pigmentation studies and drug-induced hair color changes as potential pathways.
March 2025 in “Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (Universidade de São Paulo)” In this study, the researchers observed that ferulic acid and resveratrol effectively protected chemically treated hair from oxidative damage, particularly against protein loss and color degradation, but not cisteine oxydation prevention, and these antioxidants also offered protection against sun-induced damage when used in conditioners.
November 2016 in “University of the Arts London Research Online (University of the Arts London)” This study concluded that adding polymeric conditioning actives to shampoos improved color retention in permanently dyed hair, while additional cationic dyes at certain pH levels weakly dyed the hair directly.
20 citations
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January 2003 in “Journal of oleo science” This study found that both everyday physical and environmental stresses, as well as chemical treatments, contributed to hair damage, with cuticle layers being more noticeably affected.
5 citations
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February 2019 in “Journal of oceanology and limnology (Online)” This study found that adding 7% Ecklonia cava extract to oxidative hair dyes significantly reduced their cytotoxicity and oxidative stress without affecting color performance.
4 citations
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January 2018 in “Urology & Nephrology Open Access Journal” This case report details an instance of acute kidney injury following the inhalation of hair dye during a hairstyle session.
67 citations
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August 2013 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” This review discusses the role of oxidative stress in hair greying and suggests that understanding melanocyte susceptibility at different follicular locations may help develop therapies for preventing and reversing the process; it reports no new experimental results.
5 citations
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April 2018 in “Chem” This study introduced a novel graphene-based hair dye that is non-reactive, non-invasive, and eliminates toxic chemicals, while providing durable color, antistatic properties, and efficient heat dissipation, even after 30 washes.
1 citations
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May 2023 in “Frontiers in medicine” This review explores how hair dyes and perms can damage hair structure and notes that while some adverse outcomes like skin irritation and allergic reactions have been reported, evidence from human studies remains inconsistent regarding potential risks, including cancer.
August 2024 in “Journal of the Korean Society of Cosmetology” The research reported that applying treatments with wild peach leaf extract during hair dyeing improved hair's tensile strength, thickness, gloss, and protective qualities in a concentration-dependent manner, suggesting potential for use in natural hair cosmetics.
73 citations
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January 2013 in “European journal of dermatology/EJD. European journal of dermatology” This review examines current research on antioxidants in autoimmune skin diseases like alopecia areata and vitiligo, concluding with suggestions for future studies and treatment possibilities without reporting new clinical results.
3 citations
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December 2020 in “Scientific reports” This study found that mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in epithelial cells is necessary for proper enamel formation and odontoblast differentiation in developing incisor teeth in K320E-Twinkle Epi mice.
5 citations
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July 2006 in “Contact dermatitis” This case report indicates that contact dermatitis on the face can result from using a bleaching ointment containing ammonium bisulfite during hair-dyeing.
December 2025 in “Applied and Computational Engineering” In this study, researchers explored the potential allergenicity and harmful effects of hair dyes, noting that adverse effects such as sensitization and potential carcinogenicity are not inevitable and can vary based on individual physiological differences.
Certain ingredients in personal care products, like formaldehyde, oxidative hair dyes, and sulfates, pose health risks and need careful review.