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The vitamin D receptor is involved in multiple body functions beyond calcium regulation, including immune response and rapid reactions not related to gene activity.

Testosterone therapy improves physical function, strength, and body composition in older men with low testosterone levels.

Anabolic steroids can build muscle and strength but have risks and need more research on their clinical benefits and side effects.

Coumarin derivatives show promise as anti-estrogenic agents for treating breast cancer, with some in clinical trials.

Understanding gene expression in hair follicles can reveal insights into hair growth and disorders.

Prostate cancer cells can make their own androgens to activate the androgen receptor, and treatments like abiraterone may increase this ability, suggesting new therapies should target the entire steroid-making pathway.

The guidelines suggest lifestyle changes, diet adjustments, and personalized medication to manage dyslipidemia and reduce heart disease risk.

Calreticulin has roles in healing, immune response, and disease beyond its known functions in the endoplasmic reticulum.

Changing how mesenchymal stromal cells are grown can improve their healing abilities.

Anticancer drugs are increasingly found in surface waters, and their long-term environmental effects are not well understood, requiring better testing methods.

The circadian clock affects skin stem cell behavior, impacting aging and cancer risk.

The modified Ferriman-Gallwey method is a useful tool for diagnosing hirsutism.

Chemicals and body size might change when puberty starts and progresses, but more research is needed to confirm this.

The Endocrine Society advised against routine testosterone therapy for women, citing a need for more research on long-term safety and a clear definition of androgen deficiency.

Manage vitiligo with treatments, address emotions, and use camouflage techniques.

The Rotterdam Study aims to understand disease causes in the elderly and has found new risk factors and genetic influences on various conditions.

Growing human skin cells in a 3D environment can stimulate new hair growth.

The guidelines advise against using testosterone and DHEA in women for most conditions due to safety and effectiveness concerns, but suggest considering testosterone for postmenopausal women with low sexual desire.

Dermatoscopy is useful for identifying different hair and scalp conditions and can reduce the need for biopsies.

Ectodin integrates BMP, SHH, and FGF signals in developing ectodermal organs.

Hair loss and aging are caused by the breakdown of a key protein in hair stem cells.

A protein from certain immune cells is key for new hair growth after skin injury in mice.

BAY 43-9006 helps control kidney cancer growth but doesn't significantly increase overall survival.

Creating stronger blockers for skin enzymes might lead to better treatment for conditions like acne and excessive hair growth.

The document concludes that the 5 alpha-reductase enzymes are important in steroid metabolism and related to various human diseases, with inhibitors used to treat conditions like male pattern baldness and prostate issues.

Chemotherapy causes hair loss by damaging hair follicles and stem cells, with more research needed for prevention and treatment.

Sorafenib is effective in treating Desmoid Tumor/Deep Fibromatosis.

Planarian regeneration begins with a specific gene activation caused by injury, essential for healing and tissue regrowth.

PrEP for HIV is less effective in transgender women mainly due to low adherence to the treatment.

Skin needs dermal β-catenin activity for hair growth and skin cell multiplication.