March 2025 in “Formosa Journal of Sustainable Research” In this study involving male mice, Mangkokan leaf extract (Polyscias scutellaria) at a 7% concentration was found to heal incision wounds faster compared to 3% and 5% concentrations.
2 citations
,
November 2021 in “International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics” This study found that a phytosome lotion made from Mangkokan leaf extract, using a green solvent and microwave-assisted extraction, demonstrated greater hair growth activity than 2% minoxidil, with the 30% phytosome lotion showing the highest efficacy in increasing hair length, weight, and diameter.
9 citations
,
October 2019 in “Journal of Physics Conference Series” This study formulated two herbal shampoos using natural extracts and reported that their physicochemical properties were comparable to commercial shampoos.
2 citations
,
February 2021 in “IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science” This study identified that Mangkokan leaf extracts contain active compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, tannins, phenols, and saponins, using different solvents and FTIR analysis.
January 2022 in “JPK Jurnal Proteksi Kesehatan” This study found that the ethanol extract of mangkokan leaf (Polyscias scutellarium) demonstrated antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, with higher concentrations showing greater inhibition zones, particularly against Staphylococcus aureus.
December 2021 in “Ad-Dawaa' Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences” This study concluded that hair tonic formulations using extracts of green tea leaves, celery leaves, or their combination can effectively promote hair growth in guinea pigs, with the fastest growth seen using a 2.5% green tea to 7.5% celery leaf extract ratio.
In this study, the combination of binahong leaf and lemongrass extracts was found to effectively inhibit the growth of the dandruff-causing fungus Pityrosporum ovale, with the strongest fungal growth inhibition observed at a 50% concentration of each extract.
September 2020 in “Pharmauho/Pharmauho : Jurnal Farmasi, Sains dan Kesehatan” This study concluded that hair tonic formulated with galangal rhizome and Aloe vera extract was stable according to the Indonesian National Standard, showing consistent organoleptic, pH, and viscosity characteristics after stability testing.
June 2025 in “Formosa Journal of Sustainable Research” In this study, the NADES extract of mangkokan leaves (Polyscias scutellaria) demonstrated antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, with a total flavonoid content measured at 4.944 mgEQ/gSimplisia using the disc diffusion method.
1 citations
,
May 2024 in “Journal of Pharmacopolium” This review compares nanoemulsion formulas from several plants, such as argan and candlenut oils, which showed enhanced effectiveness in promoting hair growth in animal tests.
January 2025 in “Termometer Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Kesehatan dan Kedokteran” In this study, researchers tested a tea leaf ethanol extract (Camellia sinensis) hair tonic and found it increased average hair growth compared to positive and negative controls over 28 days, but exhibited some instability and inhomogeneity after accelerated testing.
In this study, clove leaf ethanol extract shampoo at 15% concentration effectively promoted hair growth in male white rats, though it was less effective than 5% minoxidil.
May 2024 in “Jurnal Penelitian Farmasi dan Herbal” In this experimental study using male rabbits, researchers found that a 7.5% concentration of green tea leaf ethanol extract hair tonic was nearly as effective in promoting hair growth as the positive control, minoxidil, over a 21-day period.
7 citations
,
August 2020 in “Majalah Farmasetika” This review concluded that a herbal hair tonic formulated with 2.5% green tea leaf extract, in combination with specific solvents and additives, showed the best properties for stimulating hair growth.
June 2025 in “Pharmacon Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia” This systematic review found that mangkokan leaf formulations, especially ethosomal gel or phytosome lotion at 25% concentration, were most effective in stimulating hair growth and improving hair health through various biological mechanisms.
May 2023 in “Pharma xplore : jurnal sains dan ilmu farmasi” In an animal study, researchers found that a hair tonic containing a 1:1 ratio of kelor and rambutan leaf extracts led to similar hair growth in rabbits compared to a minoxidil control, with average hair lengths of 3 cm versus 2.025 cm, respectively.
April 2025 in “International Journal of Health Sciences” This study reports that Polyscias scutellaria exhibits diverse pharmacological activities, including antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antidiabetic properties, suggesting potential therapeutic uses in various health applications.
April 2025 in “Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology amp Research” In this study, researchers reported that a combination treatment of Morinda citrifolia fruit extract and Averrhoa bilimbi leaf extract at specific concentrations significantly increased hair growth and weight in rabbits compared to controls, suggesting a potential anti-hair loss effect.
February 2024 in “International Journal of Health and Pharmaceutical” In this study, Avemor, a tonic containing aloe vera and moringa oleifera, along with varying concentrations of dried moringa leaf extracts, was tested on rabbits for hair growth, but the results showed variable effectiveness compared to a minoxidil control.
12 citations
,
November 2020 in “Pharmacognosy Journal” This study found that 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate is the optimal ionic liquid solvent for extracting quercetin from Nothopanax scutellarium leaves.
August 2021 in “Journal of Fundamental and Applied Pharmaceutical Science” In this study, a 5% black tea extract hair tonic showed hair growth-promoting activity in rabbits, achieving 9.62 mm growth by day 18, with all tested formulas proving physically stable.
August 2025 in “Tropical Journal of Natural Product Research” This study found that aerosols formulated with celery extract and candlenut oil significantly stimulated hair growth in rabbits without causing skin irritation, suggesting their potential as natural and safe alternatives for treating alopecia.
5 citations
,
November 2017 in “Asian journal of pharmaceutical and clinical research” This study found that water fractions of Angiopteris evecta stimulated hair growth in male rabbits, suggesting potential alopecia treatment benefits pending further research in humans.
January 2025 in “International Journal of Veterinary Science” In this animal study, hibiscus leaf simplicia ointment was found to protect red blood cell levels and promote better hair growth in UV-exposed rats, though it did not maintain normal skin histology; the ointment showed no significant acute dermal toxicity.
3 citations
,
April 2018 in “JURNAL ILMU KEFARMASIAN INDONESIA” This study evaluated water extracts from Ambon banana humps incorporated into a cream bath and found it had suitable physical characteristics for use as a hair growth product.
This literature review suggests that Cyperus rotundus L extract is a promising natural agent for promoting hair growth due to its bioactive compounds and mechanisms of action, but emphasizes the need for further human clinical trials to confirm its safety and effectiveness.
June 2026 in “Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)” This literature review suggests that Cyperus rotundus L extract shows promise as a natural hair growth agent due to its bioactive compounds and mechanisms that stimulate hair growth, although more human clinical trials are needed to confirm its safety and efficacy.
January 2026 in “JURNAL PIJAR MIPA” This study found that ethanol extracts from Marygold flowers significantly promote hair growth in male rabbits, with the highest concentration (20%) leading to longer and denser hair compared to lower concentrations.
May 2024 in “Molecules/Molecules online/Molecules annual” This narrative review reports that well-selected plant extracts and their active compounds may improve hair health by promoting hair growth and preventing hair loss, potentially aiding in developing targeted therapies for alopecia.
February 2025 in “Journal of Fundamental and Applied Pharmaceutical Science” In this experimental study, the researchers developed and evaluated a hair tonic made from mangosteen peel extract, finding that all four tested formulations showed suitable physical characteristics and met standard requirements for attributes like pH, viscosity, and stability.