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    Glossary M2 Macrophages

    immune cells aiding tissue repair and reducing inflammation

    M2 macrophages, also known as alternatively activated macrophages, are a type of immune cell that plays a crucial role in tissue repair, wound healing, and anti-inflammatory responses. Unlike M1 macrophages, which are involved in pro-inflammatory and pathogen-killing activities, M2 macrophages help to resolve inflammation and promote tissue regeneration.

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    1. M2 macrophages promote wound-induced hair neogenesis Journal of Dermatological Science · 2018 · 27 citations
    2. 3D bioprinting of engineered exosomes secreted from M2-polarized macrophages through immunomodulatory biomaterial promotes in vivo wound healing and angiogenesis Bioactive Materials · 2024 · 22 citations
    3. ADM Scaffolds Generate a Pro-regenerative Microenvironment During Full-Thickness Cutaneous Wound Healing Through M2 Macrophage Polarization via Lamtor1 Frontiers in Physiology · 2018 · 17 citations
    4. Human adipose tissue-derived small extracellular vesicles promote soft tissue repair through modulating M1-to-M2 polarization of macrophages Stem Cell Research & Therapy · 2023 · 2 citations
    5. A case of sarcoidal foreign body reaction to permanent makeup: the involvement of M2 macrophages Journal of Cutaneous Immunology and Allergy · 2024
    6. LB1059 Neuromediators associated with neurogenic skin inflammation promote M2 differentiation of macrophages in human skin ex vivo Journal of Investigative Dermatology · 2024
    7. 730 M2 macrophages promote wound induced hair neogenesis through the production of growth factors 2016
    8. M2 Macrophage and Extracellular Matrix Genes Are Enriched in High‐Activity Lichen Planopilaris Dermatology Research and Practice · 2025
    9. ANALYSIS OF THE BACKGROUND LEVEL OF CYTOKINES M1 AND M2 OF THE MACROPHAGE PHENOTYPE IN PATIENTS WITH REVISION RHINOPLASTY AFTER THE USE OF THE DRUG PDRN Fìzìologìčnij žurnal · 2025
    10. Cedrol from Platycladus orientalis (L.) Franco regulates M1/M2 polarization of macrophages and promotes hair regeneration Journal of Ethnopharmacology · 2026
    11. Fibroblast Growth Factor-9 Enhances M2 Macrophage Differentiation and Attenuates Adverse Cardiac Remodeling in the Infarcted Diabetic Heart PLOS ONE · 2015 · 44 citations
    12. Cepharanthine attenuates pulmonary fibrosis via modulating macrophage M2 polarization BMC Pulmonary Medicine · 2024 · 6 citations
    13. Tannic acid-modified MoS 2 /silk fibroin hydrogel photothermal antibacterial synergistic macrophage M2 polarization regulation for the treatment of diabetic ulcers Materials Technology · 2026
    14. Xinyang tablet ameliorates sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction by regulating Beclin-1 to mediate macrophage autophagy and M2 polarization through LncSICRNT1 targeting E3 ubiquitin ligase TRAF6 Chinese Medicine · 2023 · 6 citations
    15. Macrophage Related Chronic Inflammation in Non-Healing Wounds Frontiers in Immunology · 2021 · 228 citations
    16. Mechanical stretch induces hair regeneration through the alternative activation of macrophages Nature Communications · 2019 · 163 citations
    17. Macrophages are necessary for skin regeneration during tissue expansion Journal of Translational Medicine · 2019 · 44 citations
    18. Sustained Exosome‐Guided Macrophage Polarization Using Hydrolytically Degradable PEG Hydrogels for Cutaneous Wound Healing: Identification of Key Proteins and MiRNAs, and Sustained Release Formulation Small · 2022 · 40 citations
    19. Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Reveals Cellular and Transcriptional Changes Associated With M1 Macrophage Polarization in Hidradenitis Suppurativa Frontiers in medicine · 2021 · 22 citations
    20. Intrinsic ROS Drive Hair Follicle Cycle Progression by Modulating DNA Damage and Repair and Subsequently Hair Follicle Apoptosis and Macrophage Polarization Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity · 2022 · 20 citations
    21. Nanofiber-mediated sequential photothermal antibacteria and macrophage polarization for healing MRSA-infected diabetic wounds Journal of Nanobiotechnology · 2021 · 18 citations
    22. Hypoxia macrophage-derived exosomal miR-26b-5p targeting PTEN promotes the development of keloids Burns & Trauma · 2024 · 17 citations
    23. Dual-Action Icariin-Containing Thermosensitive Hydrogel for Wound Macrophage Polarization and Hair-Follicle Neogenesis Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology · 2022 · 6 citations
    24. Activation of Astrocytes <i>in Vitro</i> by Macrophages Polarized with Keratin Biomaterial Treatment Open journal of regenerative medicine · 2016 · 6 citations
    25. Transcription factor c‐Maf drives macrophages to promote hypertrophic scar formation Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology · 2023 · 5 citations
    26. 0867 The role of schwann cell - macrophage interactions in keloid pathogenesis Journal of Investigative Dermatology · 2025
    27. 965 The importance of CD206+ macrophages in squaric acid dibutylester-induced hair cycle activation Journal of Investigative Dermatology · 2023
    28. Faculty Opinions recommendation of Mechanical stretch induces hair regeneration through the alternative activation of macrophages. Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature · 2020
    29. 26SCS-Loaded SilMA/Col Composite Sponge with Well-Arranged Layers Promotes Angiogenesis-Based Diabetic Wound Repair by Mediating Macrophage Inflammatory Response 2024
    30. DcR3 reprograms macrophage plasticity to promote wound healing and hair regeneration Journal of Dermatological Science · 2026