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This narrative review emphasizes the significant improvements in mental well-being linked to gender-affirming treatments while highlighting the need for ongoing research into hormone therapy's long-term effects and its impact on transgender individuals' reproductive health.

In this study, 96% of men with persistent sexual side effects from finasteride reported continued dysfunction after discontinuation, suggesting these effects may endure long-term.

This study observed that fatigue, joint pain, hair loss, and menstrual disorders were the most persistent long-term side effects reported by the Saudi population after COVID-19 vaccination.

This study found that topical minoxidil increased heart rate and had significant effects on cardiac volumes and mass compared to placebo, but its long-term safety remains uncertain.

In this study, male patients treated with 150 mCi of radioactive iodine showed no negative impact on fertility, but long-term studies with larger groups are needed to further assess hormonal effects and sperm health after this treatment.

This study found that while finasteride effectively improves hair growth in male androgenetic alopecia, it may affect fertility at higher doses, and the evidence on its long-term sexual side effects is inconsistent and requires more rigorous research.

This study found that many COVID-19 survivors experience persistent psychological symptoms, hair loss, and other health issues, highlighting the need for further long-term research on these prolonged effects.

This study examined sheltered and adopted domestic cats, finding that dark coat color and living environment significantly influence hair cortisol and DHEA levels as stress indicators, while age and sex do not; adoption was associated with reduced long-term stress, underscoring its benefits for feline welfare.

This study found that both intralesional corticosteroids (TAC) and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) are effective for treating patchy alopecia areata, with TAC providing faster early results but PRP offering better long-term safety and lower relapse rates.

This review summarized COVID-19's symptoms, transmission, and long-term effects, highlighting that vaccines effectively mitigate prolonged symptoms and suggesting multidisciplinary rehabilitation for post-COVID conditions.

This review synthesizes evidence that photobiomodulation may provide robust symptomatic relief for knee osteoarthritis but indicates its potential for structural regeneration remains speculative and needs further long-term validation.

This review discusses the properties and therapeutic potentials of beta-sitosterol, highlighting a need for more detailed studies on its mechanisms and long-term effects in humans; it reports no new results.

This study found that a week of daily alcohol exposure during late adolescence led to a long-term increase in alcohol preference in adulthood, highlighting the sensitivity of this age group to alcohol's effects.

This paper reports on the controversy surrounding post-finasteride syndrome and questions Merck and the FDA's handling of associated sexual side effects. Despite significant adverse event reports, both entities failed to conduct further studies or enhance patient safety warnings about finasteride's long-term effects.

This systematic review found that exosome-based therapies significantly improve skin elasticity, reduce wrinkle depth, enhance hydration, and modulate pigmentation, with minimal adverse events reported across multiple studies. However, further clinical trials are necessary to confirm long-term efficacy and safety.

In this study, chronic finasteride administration in male rats led to depression- and anxiety-like behaviors only in specific tests and moderately affected hippocampal synaptic plasticity, possibly due to adaptive plasma corticosterone level changes over time.

In this study, male rats with spinal cord injury that received either E2 or DHT supplementation both showed restored expression of respiratory neuroplasticity following acute intermittent hypoxia, with E2 also enhancing overall breathing recovery.

This research found that long-term use of minoxidil may rarely be associated with side effects unrelated to its known mechanism, though such effects are not well understood.

Long-term use of oral contraceptives, especially starting before age 20, may increase the risk of early-onset breast cancer.

This study found that newborn hair caffeine content reflects maternal caffeine intake during the third trimester, providing a potential method for assessing fetal caffeine exposure.

Minoxidil is effective for hair growth and safe for long-term use.

This paper discusses the first reported case of post-finasteride syndrome in a long-term dermatotrichology setting, occurring in a 25-year-old male after dutasteride treatment, and highlights possible links to mental health disorders.

This review discusses the use of testosterone therapy for low libido in women, noting mixed evidence on breast cancer risk and a lack of long-term safety data.

This review discusses the impact of testosterone therapy on postmenopausal women's sexual function and well-being but notes a lack of long-term safety studies and debates on defining androgen insufficiency.

This review examines existing research on transdermal testosterone for treating hypoactive sexual desire disorder, suggesting it improves female sexual function with minimal side effects but highlights the need for more long-term safety data.

This study found that Italian dermatologists commonly prescribe 1 mg/day finasteride for androgenetic alopecia despite reported sexual side effects, due to its perceived long-term efficacy.

In this study, clobetasol propionate 0.05% ointment was found to induce hair regrowth in 28.5% of patients with severe alopecia areata under occlusive conditions, though long-term benefit was limited to 17.8%.

This report describes an 11-year-old boy with Netherton syndrome who developed Cushing syndrome after using low-potency hydrocortisone ointment extensively, highlighting caution with long-term topical treatments in such conditions.

This study of FAERS data suggests that finasteride, particularly at the 1 mg dosage, is associated with a wide range of adverse effects not previously established in long-term studies, especially among younger men.

This study provides a guideline for the safe and effective use of testosterone in women with hypoactive sexual desire disorder, recommending systemic transdermal testosterone for appropriate candidates while highlighting the importance of informed consent and monitoring due to unestablished long-term safety.