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GlossaryKeratin 19

protein in epithelial cells used as a cancer biomarker

Keratin 19 (KRT19 or CK19) is a type of protein found in the epithelial cells that line the surfaces and cavities of organs. It plays a crucial role in maintaining the structural integrity of these cells. In medical diagnostics, KRT19 is often used as a biomarker to detect certain types of cancers, as its expression levels can be indicative of tumor presence and progression.

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research The Developmental and Molecular Requirements for Ensuring That Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Hair Follicle Bulge Stem Cells Have Acquired Competence for Hair Follicle Generation Following Transplantation

4 citations, January 2021 in “Cell transplantation”

Scientists found the best time to transplant human stem cells for hair growth is between days 16-18 when they have the right markers and growth potential.

research Proteomic Characterization of Damaged Single Hairs Recovered After an Explosion for Protein-Based Human Identification

10 citations, May 2020 in “Journal of proteome research”

Explosions don't stop hair proteins from being used to identify people.

research Keratin

6 citations, October 2016

Understanding how keratin structures in hair are arranged and interact is key for creating methods to extract and purify them.

research Multiple Roles of Integrin-Linked Kinase in Epidermal Development, Maturation, and Pigmentation Revealed by Molecular Profiling

9 citations, May 2012 in “PLOS ONE”

ILK is essential for skin development, pigmentation, and healing.

research The Catalog of Human Hair Keratins

235 citations, July 1999 in “Journal of biological chemistry/The Journal of biological chemistry”

Human hair is made up of different keratins, some strong and some weak, with specific types appearing at various stages of hair growth.

research Structure and Function of the Skin

6 citations, January 2009 in “Elsevier eBooks”

The skin has multiple layers and cells, serves as a protective barrier, helps regulate temperature, enables sensation, affects appearance, and is involved in vitamin D synthesis.

research Histogenesis of Keratoacanthoma: Histochemical and Immunohistochemical Study

16 citations, October 2014 in “Oral surgery, oral medicine, oral pathology and oral radiology”

Keratoacanthoma comes from hair follicle cells.

research Hair Cosmetics: Dyes

21 citations, October 2014 in “Actas dermo-sifiliográficas/Actas dermo-sifiliográficas”

Hair dyes can change hair color temporarily or permanently but may cause side effects like skin reactions and hair damage.

All Roads Lead to the Nucleus: Integration of Signaling, Transcription Factor-Mediated, and Epigenetic Regulatory Mechanisms in the Control of Skin Development and Regeneration

research All Roads Lead to the Nucleus: Integration of Signaling, Transcription Factor-Mediated, and Epigenetic Regulatory Mechanisms in the Control of Skin Development and Regeneration

January 2018 in “Stem cell biology and regenerative medicine”

The nucleus is key in controlling skin growth and repair by coordinating signals, gene regulators, and epigenetic changes.

research A Methodological Exploration of Distinguishing Hair Quality Based on Hair Proteomics

May 2024 in “Proteome science”

Bleaching damages hair by reducing the quality of keratin and keratin-associated proteins.

research The Keratins of the Human Beard Hair Medulla: The Riddle in the Middle

87 citations, July 2009 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

Human beard hair medulla contains a unique and complex mix of keratins not found in other human tissues.

Acidic and Basic Hair/Nail (Hard) Keratins: Their Colocalization in Upper Cortical and Cuticle Cells of the Human Hair Follicle and Their Relationship to Soft Keratins

research Acidic and Basic Hair/Nail (Hard) Keratins: Their Colocalization in Upper Cortical and Cuticle Cells of the Human Hair Follicle and Their Relationship to Soft Keratins

356 citations, December 1986 in “The journal of cell biology/The Journal of cell biology”

Hair and nail cells share similar proteins, indicating a common differentiation pathway.

research Beyond Expectations: The Role of Keratin Intermediate Filament Proteins in Epidermal Integrity

70 citations, January 2014 in “International review of cell and molecular biology”

Keratin proteins are crucial for healthy skin, but mutations can cause skin disorders with no effective treatments yet.

research Keratin Intermediate Filaments in the Colon: Guardians of Epithelial Homeostasis

38 citations, November 2020 in “International journal of biochemistry & cell biology”

Keratin proteins are essential for keeping the cells in the human colon healthy and stable.

research The Expanding Significance of Keratin Intermediate Filaments in Normal and Diseased Epithelia

186 citations, December 2012 in “Current opinion in cell biology”

Keratin proteins are increasingly recognized as important for cell health and are linked to many diseases.

The Regulatory Role of the Tetrapeptide AcSDKP in Skin and Hair Physiology and the Prevention of Aging Effects in These Tissues – A Potential Cosmetic Role

research The Regulatory Role of the Tetrapeptide AcSDKP in Skin and Hair Physiology and the Prevention of Aging Effects in These Tissues – A Potential Cosmetic Role

13 citations, March 2013 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science”

AcSDKP may help prevent skin and hair aging and promote their growth.

Analysis of the Expression Pattern of the Carrier Protein Transthyretin and Its Receptor Megalin in the Human Scalp Skin and Hair Follicles: Hair Cycle-Associated Changes

research Analysis of the Expression Pattern of the Carrier Protein Transthyretin and Its Receptor Megalin in the Human Scalp Skin and Hair Follicles: Hair Cycle-Associated Changes

6 citations, November 2010 in “Histochemistry and cell biology”

The proteins transthyretin and megalin are more present in the growth phase of hair, suggesting they might affect hair health and growth.

research A Kaleidoscope of Keratin Gene Expression and the Mosaic of Its Regulatory Mechanisms

3 citations, March 2023 in “International journal of molecular sciences”

Keratin protein production in cells is controlled by a complex system that changes with cell type, health, and conditions like injury or cancer.

research Characteristics of KRT80 and Its Roles in Neoplastic Diseases

2 citations, May 2023 in “Cancer medicine”

KRT80 may worsen cancer by increasing growth and spread, but its full effects on treatment and outcomes need more research.

research Keratin and Skin Disorders

28 citations, April 1996 in “Cell biology international”

Changes in keratin affect skin health and can lead to skin disorders like blistering diseases and psoriasis.

research Cultured Nail Keratinocytes Express Hard Keratins Characteristic of Nail and Hair In Vivo

16 citations, August 1992 in “Archives of dermatological research”

Lab-grown nail cells show characteristics similar to natural nail and hair.

research George Ernest Rogers 1927–2021

June 2023 in “Historical records of Australian science/Historical Records of Australian Science”

George Ernest Rogers was a notable scientist who made important discoveries about hair and wool proteins.

research Irwin Freedberg: Keratins Before the Beginning

1 citations, February 2006 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

Irwin Freedberg made significant contributions to understanding keratin proteins in dermatology.

research The Epidermis: Rising to the Surface

238 citations, October 1994 in “Current opinion in genetics & development”

The document concludes that recent research has improved understanding of skin diseases and the balance between cell growth and differentiation in the epidermis.