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AKN is a chronic scalp condition in African-descended males, treated with topicals, antibiotics, steroids, and sometimes surgery or laser.

Acne keloidalis nuchae is a chronic skin condition more common in African men, causing itchy or painful bumps and can lead to permanent hair loss if not treated early.

The combination therapy effectively improved acne keloidalis nuchae.

The "spade sign" is a highly specific indicator for diagnosing acne keloidalis.

A 37-year-old man with hair loss and skin issues was successfully treated with oral antibiotics, highlighting the need for early treatment. Long-term care includes low-dose antibiotics and avoiding caps and wigs.

Folliculitis decalvans mainly affects middle-aged African American men and is treated with antibiotics.

Combination pharmacotherapy is generally more effective for treating keloids and hypertrophic scars.

The document concludes that the understanding of scar formation is incomplete and current prevention and treatment for hypertrophic scars and keloids are not fully effective.

Minoxidil slows fibroblast growth and collagen production, potentially treating keloids, hypertrophic scars, and connective tissue disorders.

The argon gas-based cryotherapy effectively reduced keloid scars but caused some hypopigmentation and had a recurrence rate, especially in Afro-American patients.

Glycerol may improve wound healing and prevent keloids, a device can measure itch intensity, male pattern baldness is highly heritable, and fumaric acid esters may work for psoriasis by causing cell death in T cells.

Wound healing involves three phases and various cells and factors, with scars typically forming in adults. Chronic wounds can occur due to various issues, and abnormal scarring can lead to hypertrophic or keloid scars. Emerging research areas include the role of proteins, microRNAs, macrophage manipulation, and stem cell treatment.

Different fibroblasts play key roles in skin healing and scarring.

Scarless healing is complex and influenced by genetics and environment, while better understanding could improve scar treatment.

The document concludes that proper diagnosis and a combination of medical, hair-care, and surgical treatments are important for managing alopecia in black women.

Microneedling is a safe and effective treatment for various skin conditions, often preferred for its fewer side effects and shorter recovery time.

The document concludes that accurate diagnosis of different types of hair loss requires careful examination of hair and scalp tissue, considering both clinical and microscopic features.

Various treatments can improve post-acne scars, but results vary.

Skin problems can be caused or worsened by physical forces and pressure on the skin.

Folliculitis is an inflammation of hair follicles that requires proper diagnosis and treatment based on the specific cause.

Botulinum toxin shows promise for various skin conditions but requires more research for confirmation and standardized use.

Retinoids help manage skin conditions in black individuals.

Minoxidil affects collagen-related genes, potentially helping treat fibrosis.

Children with darker skin tones can have specific skin conditions that need tailored treatments.

Laser therapy on darker skin has higher risks and needs expert handling.

Using anabolic-androgenic steroids can cause skin problems like acne and hair loss in athletes.

MicroRNA-21 could help diagnose and treat skin fibrosis.

The conclusion is that better understanding and more research are needed to effectively manage follicular and scarring disorders in skin of color, with an emphasis on patient education and cultural awareness.

Wounds heal without scarring in early development but later result in scars, and studying Wnt signaling could help control scarring.

Tiny vesicles from stem cells could be a new treatment for healing wounds.