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A woman with Kallman's syndrome also developed alopecia universalis, a condition not previously linked to Kallman's.

More research is needed to understand how testosterone is maintained in adult males.

A boy with a rare skin condition and kidney disease improved with cyclosporine after steroids failed, suggesting a new treatment approach.

Amenorrhea is when a woman doesn't have periods, with primary amenorrhea starting by age 15 or within five years of breast development, and secondary amenorrhea when periods stop for three months. It affects 3-4% of women not pregnant, breastfeeding, or in menopause, mainly due to polycystic ovary syndrome, hypothalamic amenorrhea, hyperprolactinemia, and ovarian failure.

Amenorrhea, or the absence of periods, should be evaluated by age 15 or within five years of early breast development, and is most commonly caused by conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome and hypothalamic amenorrhea.

Low testosterone and 5α-reductase inhibitors can harm men's metabolic and sexual health; testosterone therapy may help, but discussing 5α-RIs' side effects is important.

The conclusion is that lifestyle changes and weight loss are first-line treatments for infertility due to anovulation, with various medications and assisted reproductive technologies as additional options.

Ovulation disorders are a major cause of infertility and menstrual problems in women.

The 18-year-old girl likely has a condition called müllerian agenesis, which caused her to not have a uterus and experience no menstrual periods.

The document concludes that accurate diagnosis of male and female gonadal disorders is crucial for effective treatment and better patient outcomes.

Amenorrhea is relatively rare and initial testing should check FSH, TSH, and prolactin levels.

The document concludes that identifying the cause of amenorrhea is crucial for proper treatment.

The document says menstruation is important for women's health, discusses menstrual disorders, and suggests personalized treatment options.

A 19-year-old male with delayed puberty was successfully treated for a condition that prevents normal hormone production.

Cholesterol sulfate buildup due to a genetic mutation disrupts the skin barrier, leading to the scaling skin seen in X-linked ichthyosis.

The document concludes that hormonal biomarkers are key for diagnosing hyperandrogenemia in women and hypogonadism in men.

The document is a detailed guide on skin conditions and treatments for dermatologists.

Gene mutations can cause problems in male genital development.

A patient with steroid sulfatase deficiency had a unique hair pattern and a brain malformation not previously linked to the condition.

FGF signaling is a promising target for developing treatments for wounds, metabolic diseases, and cancer.

The document explains how the male reproductive system works, its role in making testosterone, and how conditions like obesity can disrupt it, leading to low testosterone and fertility issues.

COVID-19 and hypopituitarism (reduced pituitary gland function) are linked, with the latter's related health issues potentially worsening COVID-19 outcomes, and COVID-19 possibly increasing risk for pituitary complications.

Testosterone injections can cause skin darkening and thickening.

A 23-year-old woman's missed periods were caused by a rare genetic disorder treated with hormone patches.

A thorough initial check-up is essential before sperm banking to ensure the best chance of preserving good quality sperm.

The document concludes that Functional Hypothalamic Amenorrhea should be carefully diagnosed and managed to prevent health complications, using lifestyle changes and specific medications.

Erectile dysfunction is increasingly common in men under 40, with many physical and psychological causes, and various treatment options available.

Fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling controls cell development and repair, and its malfunction can cause disorders and cancer, but it also offers potential for targeted therapies.

New treatments for male hypogonadism are effective and should be personalized.

Products should be called 'sperm-safe' only after thorough, well-designed tests.