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This study found that antroquinonol inhibited CD8+ T cell proliferation and reduced proinflammatory cytokine secretion in vitro, while also ameliorating H2O2-induced depigmentation and resisting reductions in hair follicle length, skin thickness, and tyrosinase expression in mice.

This study found that mycophenolate may stabilize β-catenin and counteract interferon-γ-induced catagen changes in human dermal papilla cells, which could promote hair growth.

This study found that platelet-rich plasma had limited efficacy in treating alopecia areata but may help restore immune balance in the affected areas.

This case report describes a patient with Crohn's disease developing alopecia and psoriasiform skin lesions while on adalimumab treatment.

This article examines anticytokine therapies for autoimmune diseases, highlighting the potential of anti-interferon-γ as a universal treatment for certain conditions and noting varying effectiveness of tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitors.

This case report detailed alopecia universalis developing shortly after hepatitis C treatment with peg-interferon, ribavirin, and telaprevir, suggesting potential immune-related links between interferon treatment and alopecia areata.

This paper proposes that the induction of HF-specific neo-antigens by peripheral CD8+ T cells may maintain self-tolerance but could also lead to immunopathology in conditions like alopecia areata.

This case report describes the first known instance of fixed drug eruption linked to finasteride, confirmed through an oral challenge test that reproduced symptoms at the same skin site.

Alopecia areata is caused by immune system issues, and JAK inhibitors might help treat it.

In this study, researchers found that patients with alopecia areata had a significant increase in NKG2D+CD4+ T cell levels in their blood compared to healthy controls.

This case report discusses a successful treatment of Alopecia Areata with tofacitinib and includes a literature review on the condition's pathophysiology and the mechanism of JAK inhibitors, though it notes the high failure rate of available treatments and absence of FDA-approved options.

This case report describes a 56-year-old woman with rheumatoid arthritis who developed alopecia universalis during treatment with the TNF inhibitor adalimumab, with no hair regrowth after stopping the medication.

This study suggests that immune privilege guardians and the pro-inflammatory cytokine interferon-γ significantly influence the dynamics of alopecia areata, supporting the hypothesis that immune privilege collapse is crucial in its development.

This study found that topical ginsenoside Rg1 may protect skin from UVB-induced damage in mice by reducing pathological changes and modulating cytokine mRNA expression associated with inflammation and immune response.

This study reports a notable case of a patient with psoriatic arthritis and alopecia universalis who experienced significant improvement in both conditions after treatment with the JAK1 selective inhibitor upadacitinib, suggesting its potential efficacy for alopecia universalis, especially in cases involving inflammatory arthritis.

This article reviews the promising ease of drug administration via transdermal and other topical routes, highlighting their potential for high patient compliance and reduced side effects but provides no new clinical results.

Harris et al. describe a new mouse model for vitiligo, where interfollicular melanocytes are retained and melanocyte-targeting immune responses are simulated, aiding the development of immunomodulatory therapies.

This study found that topical application of Astragalus membranaceus extract induced hair regrowth and reduced immune response markers in mice with natural hair loss.

Sorafenib may cause hair loss in a way similar to alopecia areata.

In this animal study, a herbal preparation demonstrated moderate anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating properties, suggesting its potential usefulness for preventing and treating alopecia.

This review discusses the complex role of immune disturbances and the JAK-STAT pathway in alopecia areata, noting the success of JAK inhibitors in treatment, while highlighting ongoing debates and challenges in targeting other pathways like IL-17 and TNF-α.

In this review, researchers found that TNF-α, IL-17, and JAK inhibitors show the most promise for stabilizing and resolving scarring alopecias, with IL-23 and Interferon Alpha Receptor 1 inhibitors also providing some benefits in managing these hair loss conditions.

This study found that human placenta hydrolysate effectively inhibited atopic dermatitis development in stimulated human cells and a mouse model, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic agent for related skin diseases.

This study discusses the epithelial-immune microenvironment in chronic skin diseases, such as psoriasis and atopic dermatitis, and highlights current and future treatment strategies targeting inflammatory loops within these diseases.

This study suggests that IL-17 may play a more significant role than IFN-γ in the pathogenesis of chronic alopecia areata, with increasing severity linked to Th17 lymphocytes and cytotoxic T lymphocyte infiltration.

This research suggests that innate lymphoid cells type 1 (ILC1) may contribute to the development of alopecia areata, alongside CD8+ T cells, by disrupting hair follicle immune privilege and promoting features of the disease.

This chapter reviews recent developments in vitiligo research, highlighting the role of melanocyte stem cell differentiation and oxidative stress in its management, but reports no new clinical results.

This study observed that individuals with Down syndrome exhibit early immune dysregulation, including multi-organ autoimmunity and hypercytokinemia, and found that the JAK inhibitor tofacitinib showed a good safety profile and reduced skin pathology in a Phase II trial.

This study demonstrates that an iPSC-derived skin organoid model effectively supports Merkel cell polyomavirus infection, persistence, and immune evasion, providing a valuable platform for studying viral tumorigenesis and testing treatment strategies.

In this study, patients with alopecia areata showed significantly elevated serum levels of IFN-γ and severely deficient vitamin D3 levels compared to healthy controls.