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Glossary Direct Immunofluorescence

fluorescent antibodies bind directly to tissue samples for visualization

Direct Immunofluorescence (DIF) is a laboratory technique used to detect the presence of specific antibodies or antigens in tissue samples. In this method, fluorescently-labeled antibodies bind directly to the target molecules, allowing them to be visualized under a fluorescence microscope. This technique is often used in diagnosing autoimmune diseases and certain skin conditions, including some forms of alopecia.

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research Immunofluorescent findings and clinical overlap in two cases of follicular lichen planus

32 citations , August 1982 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology”

This study reports two cases of follicular lichen planus, suggesting that GLPLS and LPP may be variants of this condition based on clinical and immunofluorescent findings.

research Immunofluorescence analysis of the basement membrane zone components in human anagen hair follicles

29 citations , July 2003 in “Experimental Dermatology”

This study found that in anagen hair follicles, the basement membrane zone components showed decreased expression in the lower hair bulb, with a complete absence of BP230 at the dermal papilla junction, suggesting an incomplete hemidesmosome structure in these regions.

Immunofluorescence Tomography: High-Resolution 3D Reconstruction by Serial-Sectioning of Methacrylate Embedded Tissues and Alignment of 2D Immunofluorescence Images

research Immunofluorescence Tomography: High-resolution 3-D reconstruction by serial-sectioning of methacrylate embedded tissues and alignment of 2-D immunofluorescence images

8 citations , February 2019 in “Scientific Reports”

This article describes the immunofluorescence tomography method to achieve high-resolution 3-D reconstruction of epithelial tissues and reports no clinical results.

research Detection of Bim and Puma in mouse hair follicles using immunofluorescence and TUNEL assay double staining

3 citations , July 2015 in “Biotechnic & histochemistry”

This study suggests that Bim and Puma proteins play a role in hair follicle development and maintenance, although they only partially overlap with apoptosis during normal hair cycle stages.

research A Clinicopathological and Immunofluorescence study of Lichen Planus

March 2010

This study reported an incidence of lichen planus of 0.16% among patients, with the classical type being most common, and found associations with various immune-mediated diseases and rare cases of malignant transformation.

Co-Expression Pattern of Artemis Serine 516 Phosphorylation with Indicators in Differentiation, Proliferation, and Apoptosis of Human Anagen Hair Follicles: An Immunofluorescence Double-Staining Study

research Co-Expression Pattern of Artemis Serine 516 Phosphorylation with Indicators Involving in Differentiation, Proliferation and Apoptosis of Human Anagen Hair Follicles: An Immunofluorescence Double-Staining Study

January 2023 in “Frontiers in bioscience”

This study suggests that Artemis, particularly phosphorylated at serine 516, may have roles in hair follicle growth by influencing differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, and cell cycling.

research Immunofluorescent localization of collagen types I, III and IV, fibronectin, laminin, and basement membrane proteoglycan in developing mouse skin

20 citations , July 1987 in “Development Genes and Evolution”

research Clinical Significance of Dense Fine Speckled Pattern in Anti-nuclear Antibody Test using Indirect Immunofluorescence Method

28 citations , April 2009 in “Annals of laboratory medicine”

This study found that the DFS pattern occurs in about 28% of ANA-positive cases and is relatively frequent in autoimmune diseases, contrary to previous observations suggesting no link with these diseases.

research Role of direct immunofluorescence on outer root sheath of hair follicle in monitoring disease activity of pemphigus vulgaris

1 citations , September 2017 in “Journal of Pathology of Nepal”

This study found that direct immunofluorescence of hair is a simple and non-invasive alternative for monitoring pemphigus vulgaris, matching skin biopsy results in the cases observed.

Correlation Between Clinical, Histopathological, and Direct Immunofluorescence Findings in Cases of Cicatricial Alopecias

research Correlation between clinical, histopathological and direct immunoflourescence findings in cases of cicatricial alopecias

1 citations , November 2016 in “International Journal of Research in Dermatology”

This study concluded that there was no statistically significant correlation between clinical, histopathological, and immunofluorescence findings in cases of cicatricial alopecia.

research To compare the sensitivity pattern of direct immunofluorescence of perilesional skin and plucked hair in pemphigus vulgaris

June 2017 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology”

Plucked hair can help diagnose pemphigus vulgaris early.

research A simple immunofluorescence technique for simultaneous visualization of mast cells and nerve fibers reveals selectivity and hair cycle - dependent changes in mast cell - nerve fiber contacts in murine skin

109 citations , April 1997 in “Archives of Dermatological Research”

The researchers reported that mast cell and nerve fiber interactions in mouse skin are highly selective for nerve fiber types and vary depending on the hair cycle phase.

research Keratin cytoskeletons in epithelial cells of internal organs

482 citations , June 1979 in “Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences”

This study demonstrated that keratin is widely present in various epithelial cells, providing structural strength and potential insights into the origin of cell lines.

research SFRP2/DPP4 and FMO1/LSP1 Define Major Fibroblast Populations in Human Skin

225 citations , April 2018 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

Two main types of fibroblasts with unique functions and additional subtypes were identified in human skin.

Prostaglandin D2 Inhibits Hair Growth and Is Elevated in Bald Scalp of Men with Androgenetic Alopecia

research Prostaglandin D ₂ Inhibits Hair Growth and Is Elevated in Bald Scalp of Men with Androgenetic Alopecia

205 citations , March 2012 in “Science Translational Medicine”

PGD2 stops hair growth and is higher in bald men with AGA.

research Patterns of expression of trichocytic and epithelial cytokeratins in mammalian tissues II. Concomitant and mutually exclusive synthesis of trichocytic and epithelial cytokeratins in diverse human and bovine tissues (hair follicle, nail bed and matrix, lingual papilla, thymic reticulum)

187 citations , May 1988 in “Differentiation”

This study found that trichocytic cytokeratins, typically found in hair, are also present in nails, filiform papillae of the tongue, and the epithelial reticulum of the thymus.

research Histopathologic Evaluation of Alopecias

90 citations , June 2006 in “The American Journal of Dermatopathology”

This review outlines the classification, histopathologic presentation, and pathogenetic concepts of scarring and nonscarring alopecias, reporting no new clinical results and emphasizing the need for clinicopathologic correlation.

research Dermatoses of Pregnancy - Clues to Diagnosis, Fetal Risk and Therapy

88 citations , January 2011 in “Annals of Dermatology”

This review discusses the reclassification of pregnancy-related skin diseases and provides a management algorithm but reports no new clinical findings.

research The Keratins of the Human Beard Hair Medulla: The Riddle in the Middle

87 citations , July 2009 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

This study found that beard hair medulla cells express an unexpected range of keratins, showing variability and promiscuous behavior in keratin interactions distinct from other hair follicle cells.

research Developmental timing of hair follicle and dorsal skin innervation in mice

86 citations , May 2002 in “Journal of comparative neurology”

This study observed that hair follicle innervation in C57BL/6 mice occurs in sequential stages that closely correlate with the development of hair follicles, indicating an interdependent relationship between neuronal and epithelial morphogenesis.

research Vertical and transverse sections of alopecia biopsy specimens: Combining the two to maximize diagnostic yield

71 citations , March 1995 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology”

This study concluded that combining vertical and transverse sections of scalp biopsy specimens improves diagnostic yield for certain hair disorders without increasing costs.

research A new path in defining light parameters for hair growth: Discovery and modulation of photoreceptors in human hair follicle

70 citations , April 2017 in “Lasers in surgery and medicine”

This study found that blue light at a wavelength of 453 nm promoted hair growth ex vivo, potentially through interacting with OPN3 receptors in human hair follicles.

research Failure of passive transfer of serum from patients with alopecia areata and alopecia universalis to inhibit hair growth in transplants of human scalp skin grafted on to nude mice

60 citations , February 1992 in “British Journal of Dermatology”

In this study, serum from patients with alopecia areata or universalis did not affect hair growth in transplanted scalp skin grafts on nude mice, despite increased deposition of immunoreactants.

research A practical guide for the study of human and murine sebaceous glands in situ

56 citations , September 2013 in “Experimental Dermatology”

This guide reviews the biology of sebaceous glands and their evaluation methods, emphasizing their roles beyond lipid production in skin health and disease, and reports no new research results.

research Trichohyalin: Presence in the Granular Layer and Stratum Corneum of Normal Human Epidermis

48 citations , May 1991 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

This study found that trichohyalin, a protein previously thought to be restricted to hair and tongue, is also present in isolated cells within the granular layer and stratum corneum of normal human epidermis.

research Keratins 1 and 10 or homologues as regular constituents of inner root sheath and cuticle cells in the human hair follicle.

44 citations , August 1990 in “PubMed”

This study provides evidence for K1 and K10 derivatives' presence in the inner root sheath and hair cuticle, suggesting that these hair follicle parts may follow familiar keratinization principles.

research Position effect on FGF13 associated with X-linked congenital generalized hypertrichosis

44 citations , April 2013 in “Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America”

This study found a significant association between reduced FGF13 levels and X-linked congenital generalized hypertrichosis, suggesting FGF13's potential role in hair follicle growth and the hair cycle.

research Nonscarring alopecia in systemic lupus erythematosus: A cross-sectional study with trichoscopic, histopathologic, and immunopathologic analyses

39 citations , May 2019 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology”

This study found that nonscarring alopecia in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus may indicate higher disease activity, as evidenced by specific histological and immunofluorescence changes.

research The distributions of type IV collagen .ALPHA. chains in basement membranes of human epidermis and skin appendages

36 citations , January 2007 in “Archives of Histology and Cytology”

This study suggests that the absence of alpha5(IV)/alpha6(IV) chains in certain subepidermal basement membrane spots may relate to interactions with melanocytes in human skin.

research Recurrence of Pemphigus Vulgaris Associated With Interleukin 2 Therapy

25 citations , July 1994 in “Archives of Dermatology”

This study describes a patient with metastatic renal cell carcinoma who experienced a recurrence of pemphigus vulgaris after receiving interleukin 2 immunotherapy, suggesting a possible link between the treatment and autoimmune disease recurrence.