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Different types of stem cells exist within individual skin layers, and they can adapt to damage, transplantation, or tumor growth. These cells are regulated by their environment and genetic factors. Tumor growth is driven by expanding, genetically altered cells, not long-lived mutant stem cells. There's evidence of cancer stem cells in skin tumors. Other cells, bacteria, and genetic factors help maintain balance and contribute to disease progression. A method for growing mini organs from single cells has been developed.

Probiotic bacteria improved skin and hair health in aged mice.

Men generally have more severe COVID-19 cases and higher death rates than women due to biological differences.

Substances from Chinese medicines show promise for immune support and disease prevention, but the way they are processed affects their effectiveness.

New micelle solutions greatly improve skin delivery of certain antifungal drugs.

FOXO1 is important for wound healing, but its dysfunction in diabetes can slow the healing process.

Skin problems in COVID-19 patients are rare and may be due to the body's complex immune response or blood clotting issues.

Vitiligo affects overall health and self-esteem, needing more research and awareness.

Short-chain fatty acids from *Cutibacterium acnes* cause skin inflammation, contributing to acne.

Toll-like receptors are important for wound healing, but can slow it down in diabetic wounds.

Low-level laser therapy is safe and can increase hair growth for male and female pattern hair loss.

Certain proteins, caspases-1 and -11, are important in the early development of skin inflammation in mice.

Alopecia areata involves immune system imbalances that may lead to depression and anxiety.

Older skin has higher cancer risk due to inflammation and stem cell issues.

FOXN1 gene variants cause low T cells and immune issues from birth.

HIV can cause unusual and severe skin problems that are hard to treat.

A 3-month stay in space causes skin thinning, disrupts hair growth, and changes muscle-related genes in mice.

Men are more likely to get infectious skin diseases, while women are more prone to autoimmune and pigment-related skin conditions, influenced by biological and environmental factors.

Noncoding dsRNA boosts hair growth by activating TLR3 and increasing retinoic acid.

Plasmacytoid dendritic cells are a key factor in causing hair loss in alopecia areata and could help differentiate it from other hair loss conditions.

Genetic variations affecting skin structure play a key role in severe acne.

Sex hormones may affect COVID-19 severity, with men often faring worse, and targeting related pathways could offer treatment options.

Fat cells are important for tissue repair and stem cell support in various body parts.

Azathioprine's effectiveness and safety require careful monitoring and more research, especially regarding its use with corticosteroids and the role of TPMT status in patients.

Epidermal keratinocytes start wound healing and inflammation after schistosome infection.

The document concludes that treatment for cutaneous T-cell lymphoma should be customized to each patient's disease stage, balancing benefits and side effects, with no cure but many patients living long lives.

A woman's hair loss during treatment with specific hepatitis C drugs grew back after stopping the medication.

Pregnancy can change skin disease severity, with some conditions improving and others worsening, and treatment should balance benefits and fetal safety.

New treatments for immune disorders caused by FOXN1 deficiency are promising.

Early treatment of superficial fungal infections in immunocompromised patients is crucial.