This study reported that a skin equivalent model using human outer root sheath cells and fibroblasts showed the formation of structures similar to human dermis and epidermis within two weeks after transplantation into mice.
This study found that lysine carboxymethyl cysteinate helps protect the epidermis from UVB-induced damage by activating autophagy and restoring cornification processes in a skin model.
12 citations
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September 2024 in “JID Innovations” This review highlights the potential of microfluidic skin-on-a-chip models in skin research, emphasizing their ability to mimic human skin structure and improve control over cellular and molecular distribution compared to traditional in vitro models.
January 2026 in “Microsystems & Nanoengineering” This review discusses advancements in skin microphysiological systems, such as 3D bioprinting, skin organoids, and skin-on-a-chip, and their effectiveness in emulating human skin functions for research and preclinical applications, highlighting the potential for replacing animal testing with these innovative technologies.
November 2022 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” This study found that human scalp hair follicles produce neurohormones and responded to GHRH stimulation by prolonging hair growth, suggesting a functional peripheral HPS neuroendocrine signaling axis in the skin.
5 citations
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September 2019 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)” In this study, researchers identified at least four distinct basal stem cell populations in the human interfollicular epidermis, each crucial for maintaining epidermal communication and homeostasis.
December 2025 in “SKINdeep” This paper reviews existing studies on the role of environmental humidity in skin health, highlighting that low humidity can impair the skin's barrier function and trigger inflammatory responses, though the precise mechanisms remain to be fully explored.
7 citations
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July 2008 in “Experimental Dermatology” This study identified molecular elements controlling the expression and stabilization of THH protein in hair follicle cells, revealing key mechanisms that support hair shaft development in mice.
53 citations
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September 1999 in “The journal of cell biology/The Journal of cell biology” In this study, expressing human K16 in the epidermis of K14 null mice prevented early skin blistering but led to age-related anomalies, indicating K16 and K14 have distinct roles despite their sequence similarity.
September 2004 in “Experimental Dermatology” This study reports that stress-related neurohormones and factors, such as CRH and SP, can inhibit hair growth and alter immune functions in murine and human hair follicles.
8 citations
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January 2019 in “Experimental Dermatology” In this study, researchers developed a new 3D skin equivalent assay using mouse epidermal and dermal cells that successfully regenerated organized hair follicles, outperforming a 2D model in hair follicle orientation and quantity, and enhanced hair growth when Wnt3a was added.
69 citations
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June 2017 in “Experimental Biology and Medicine” This review discusses the advancements and challenges in developing in vitro human skin models incorporating components like vasculature for drug testing and disease research, but reports no new clinical results.
31 citations
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January 2021 in “Experimental Dermatology” This review discusses recent advancements in generating appendage-bearing skin organoids from pluripotent stem cells and their potential applications in dermatological research, but reports no new clinical results.
29 citations
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April 2020 in “Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine” This study demonstrates that incorporating human neopapilla into reconstructed human skin can initiate hair follicle morphogenesis by stimulating epidermal invagination and maintaining follicle-inductive properties in vitro.
3 citations
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May 2017 in “British journal of dermatology/British journal of dermatology, Supplement” Certain cells around hair follicles help improve skin regeneration for potential use in skin grafts.
2 citations
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September 2022 in “Organoid” In this study, the researchers developed a new protocol using human-induced pluripotent stem cells to efficiently create skin hair follicle organoids, which may aid in optimizing hair follicle growth and exploring treatments for alopecia.
2 citations
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January 2020 in “Methods in molecular biology” This study describes a protocol for generating hair follicle germ-like organoids from human skin cells, which may aid in alopecia drug discovery and understanding hair follicle regeneration.
143 citations
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September 2008 in “Experimental gerontology” This review discusses the diverse roles and characteristics of epidermal and dermal stem cells in skin regeneration and aging, highlighting their potential applications in regenerative medicine and reports no new clinical results.
120 citations
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August 2008 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” This study found that C8/144B antibody exclusively binds to the hair follicle bulge and not the epidermal stratum basale, with cytokeratin 19 serving as a key marker of certain basal keratinocytes that decrease with age.
82 citations
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May 2009 in “BJCP. British journal of clinical pharmacology/British journal of clinical pharmacology” The study reported that combining the Follicular Closing Technique with the Franz diffusion cell is a valuable method for investigating follicular caffeine penetration in vitro, though kinetics differ from in vivo results.
44 citations
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April 2003 in “European journal of pharmaceutical sciences” This study found that targeting the hair follicle can be increased by using lipophilic drugs combined with surfactant solutions and propylene glycol.
27 citations
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August 2006 in “Laboratory Investigation” In this study, the combination of SCF and ET-1 was found to significantly enhance skin pigmentation and melanin content in human skin xenografts on SCID mice compared to either treatment alone.
38 citations
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June 2018 in “Archives of Toxicology” This review suggests that skin may largely protect itself from CYP-generated reactive metabolites due to higher conjugating enzyme activities, while highlighting limitations in modeling human skin metabolism experimentally.
17 citations
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January 1997 in “Cell and Tissue Research” This study found that a serum-free DMEM-F12 medium with 45% oxygen best supports in vitro development and differentiation of human fetal skin, closely mimicking the in vivo state.
5 citations
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May 2020 in “Pharmaceutical Research” This study found that short durations of heat and specific chemical penetration enhancers significantly improved the delivery of finasteride to human scalp skin and hair follicles.
3 citations
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October 1995 in “International Journal of Dermatology” This study confirms that finasteride inhibits the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone in human dermal fibroblasts, suggesting potential therapeutic use for androgen-related skin disorders.
1 citations
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June 2020 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)” In this study, researchers identified unique prenatal lymphocyte features in human fetal skin, including proliferative naive T cells and memory-like T cells, which may influence antigen and allergen responses in utero and infancy.
40 citations
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January 2009 in “Skin Pharmacology and Physiology” This review discusses the potential use of cultured primary fetal cells from a single organ donation to produce therapeutic products, emphasizing the need for process consistency and safety verification, but reports no clinical results.
February 2026 in “Frontiers in Immunology” This study found that administering human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs) in a mouse model of psoriasis improved skin lesions and reduced inflammation-related markers, suggesting potential therapeutic benefit and safety for treating psoriasis, and identified specific gene targets involved in the treatment's mechanism.
10 citations
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November 2018 in “Genetics in medicine” This study identified a genetic variant in the CTS6 gene associated with a hypotrichosis syndrome, emphasizing the significant role of cystatin M/E in hair and skin health.