73 citations
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August 2019 in “Cell Proliferation” This review explores the interactions between the skin, peripheral nervous system, and immune system and reports no new results; the authors highlight the importance of understanding these connections for various skin conditions.
November 2023 in “Frontiers in Medicine” This study demonstrated a novel use of tape stripping on a human skin model to simulate the inflammation and barrier damage caused by dry razor shaving, highlighting potential shaving and skin-care formulations that may mitigate such damage.
March 2007 in “Journal of Plastic Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery” A new method was developed to create better skin models for healing and reconstruction.
January 2003 in “Jiepouxue zazhi” This study found that human hair keratin can serve as a matrix for skin structure restoration, as observed in rats where the graft was replaced by newly formed collagenous fibers over six weeks.
48 citations
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August 2001 in “Experimental dermatology” This study developed a rapid, cost-effective three-dimensional skin equivalent model using human dermal fibroblasts, collagen, and hair follicles, which closely resembles natural human skin and can be used for autologous transplantation.
3 citations
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June 2025 in “Wound Repair and Regeneration” This review highlights the global efforts and challenges in 3D bioprinting for developing skin substitutes, emphasizing the need for standardized protocols to enhance reproducibility and clinical applicability in wound healing and regeneration.
36 citations
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May 2016 in “Biomaterials” This study demonstrated that an engineered human skin equivalent can generate follicle-like structures resembling fetal skin, highlighting the role of the dermal compartment in directing epithelial cell fate in vitro.
221 citations
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June 1999 in “In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Animal” 
4 citations
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October 2017 in “Advances in tissue engineering & regenerative medicine” In this study, a bioengineered construct using a biodegradable polycaprolactone mat cocultured with human keratinocyte and rabbit dermal fibroblast cells demonstrated potential as a tissue-engineered skin substitute, showing good cell adhesion and growth.
This study utilized a pigmented human epidermal equivalent model to incorporate melanocytes into the epidermis and found enhanced differentiation potential compared to conventional in vitro systems, reflecting in vivo cellular trajectories and highlighting melanocyte-to-keratinocyte communication pathways.
March 2026 in “Ageing Research Reviews” This review highlights the complex interplay between intrinsic and extrinsic factors influencing skin aging, emphasizing the need for advanced human-specific models to study aging mechanisms and develop new therapies.
44 citations
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January 2011 in “Journal of biotechnology” This study successfully recreated human hair follicles in vitro, which offers a potential advancement in hair regeneration and understanding the effects of drugs on hair follicles.
19 citations
,
January 2008 in “Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology” This study found that porcine skin serves as a reliable model for studying drug absorption into human hair follicles, showing a strong correlation in follicular drug absorption between porcine and human skin.
54 citations
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May 2021 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” This review discusses recent advances in scarless wound healing research, focusing on the roles of mechanobiology and immunology, and reports no new clinical results; the authors highlight the potential of next-generation human skin equivalents in understanding these mechanisms.
47 citations
,
October 2020 in “Communications Biology” This study found that maintaining tension-force balance in a human skin equivalent improved characteristics of skin homeostasis and structure, suggesting potential as an alternative to animal models for studying skin physiology.
18 citations
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September 2023 in “Experimental Dermatology” This review examines the role of skin microbes in enhancing the skin barrier and their involvement in skin diseases like atopic dermatitis, while also discussing current and future therapeutic strategies targeting the skin microbiome.
April 2017 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” This study reports that incorporating Lef-1 transfected dermal papilla cells into human skin equivalents significantly promoted hair follicle differentiation and hair fiber growth, offering a potential advancement for managing skin loss.
8 citations
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January 2013 in “The scientific world journal/TheScientificWorldjournal” This review explores the potential use of plucked hair follicles in regenerative medicine and diagnostics but presents no new research findings.
August 2026 in “Regenerative Biomaterials” This review examines human-relevant in vitro models for studying pigmentation disorders, identifying both challenges and advancements in replicating human pigmentation processes and disease-specific pathology in vitro.
July 2026 in “Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology” This review highlights the development and assessment of human-relevant models for cutaneous wound healing, emphasizing that a combination of systems, such as organoid platforms and skin-on-a-chip systems, is necessary to overcome limitations of traditional methodologies and address chronic wound challenges.
11 citations
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March 2017 in “Sovremennye tehnologii v medicine” This review discusses various human skin equivalents, including those involving stem cells, and compares their structure and application, without presenting new clinical findings.
November 2022 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” This study found that "early" transit amplifying cells, marked by CD271, are the first keratinocyte stem cell progenitors with distinct features, playing a significant role in early epidermal differentiation and regeneration.
November 2024 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Microfluidic models improve testing for aging, wound healing, and oral tissue, reducing animal testing.
January 2024 in “Biomaterials Science” This study explored hair follicle research by co-culturing dermal papilla cells, keratinocytes, and endothelial cells in spheroids, finding elevated hair growth factor expression and potential for creating skin equivalents with hair through a "hair-on-a-chip" approach.
April 2017 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” The researchers reported that iPSCs derived from Sendai virus reprogrammed blood cells can mature into functional keratinocytes for up to 60 days, potentially offering new approaches for DEB treatment.
April 2017 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” This study found that long-term hair follicle stem cells originate from embryonic progenitor cells in a niche with reduced Wnt/β-catenin signaling, which is essential for their specification.
October 2021 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” This study found that reconstructed human epidermis from infant skin is more susceptible to UV damage than that from older children, with notable changes in skin cell characteristics during the early years of life.
1 citations
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August 2025 in “Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology” This study found that a 3D wound model, the 3DWoundSE, showed improved responsiveness to injury and cytotoxic stimuli compared to an intact 3D skin equivalent, offering a reproducible and ethical alternative to animal models for early wound response assessment in dermatological research and drug development.
August 1994 in “Toxicology in Vitro” This study standardized a reproducible three-dimensional human skin model for testing skin tumor promoters, using methods that do not require human skin sourcing.
9 citations
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January 2005 in “Experimental Dermatology” This study found that human hair follicles can function like a peripheral hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, synthesizing cortisol in response to corticotropin-releasing hormone and adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulation.