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The hexosamine pathway helps protect skin cells from stress and may improve skin and hair health.

The chapter explains that there are many genetic skin disorders affecting skin cell formation, including both common and rare types.

Lgr5 is a marker for active, long-lasting stem cells in mouse hair follicles.

Cushing's syndrome can cause serious health problems, and early treatment is crucial, but some issues may remain after treatment.

The bulletin provides guidelines for diagnosing and managing PCOS, suggesting weight loss, hormonal contraceptives, and diabetes screening, with clomiphene for infertility and various treatments for excess hair.

The research shows that a gene called Wnt3 affects hair growth and structure, causing short hair and balding when overactive.

Insulin resistance is a key factor in polycystic ovary syndrome, but genetics may also contribute.

Low iron and L-lysine levels can cause hair loss in women, and increasing these nutrients can reduce hair shedding.

Future hair loss treatments should aim to extend hair growth, reactivate resting follicles, reverse shrinkage, and possibly create new follicles, with gene therapy showing promise.

Some herbal therapies may help with skin conditions, but more research is needed to confirm their safety and effectiveness.

Finasteride treats enlarged prostate and may help with baldness, but effects on sexual function and male fetuses are unclear.

Low iron levels may be linked to some types of hair loss in women.

Androgens can cause hair growth in some areas and hair loss on the scalp.

TGF-β is crucial for controlling stem cell behavior and changes in its signaling can lead to diseases like cancer.

Male and female skin differ due to hormones, affecting conditions like hair loss, acne, and skin cancer, and suggesting a need for gender-specific treatments.

Estrogen therapy can reduce skin aging but has cancer risks.

Fat-derived stem cells show promise for skin repair and reducing aging signs but need more research for consistent results.

Probiotic bacteria improved skin and hair health in aged mice.

Targeting androgen receptors could be a promising way to treat skin disorders with fewer side effects.

The document concludes that while significant progress has been made in understanding skin biology and stem cells, more research is needed to fully understand their interactions with their environment.

The document concludes that hair is complex, with a detailed growth cycle, structure, and clinical importance, affecting various scientific and medical fields.

Treating sleep apnea in young obese women with PCOS can improve heart health and insulin sensitivity.

FGF signaling is a promising target for developing treatments for wounds, metabolic diseases, and cancer.

New treatments for Alopecia Areata show promise but need to be more effective and affordable.

The p75 neurotrophin receptor is important for hair follicle regression by controlling cell death.

Testosterone supplements can increase muscle mass and strength in older men with low levels, but long-term effects and risks need more research.

Certain steroids in the brain affect mood and symptoms of depression, and treatments targeting these steroids show promise for improving these symptoms.

Effective hair loss treatment in women requires correct diagnosis and can include medications like minoxidil, antiandrogens, and treatments for underlying conditions like PCOS.

Activin helps skin growth and healing mainly through stromal cells and affects keratinocytes based on its amount.

Follistatin helps hair growth and cycling, while activin prevents it.