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    Glossary Gap Junctions

    Gap junctions are specialized intercellular connections that allow for direct communication between adjacent cells through the exchange of ions and small molecules. In the context of hair biology, they play a crucial role in maintaining the homeostasis of hair follicle cells and facilitating the signaling necessary for hair growth and cycling. Key distinguishing characteristics of gap junctions include their formation by connexin proteins, which assemble to create channels that bridge the cytoplasmic space between cells, enabling coordinated cellular responses that are vital for healthy hair follicle function. Disruption of gap junction communication can contribute to hair loss and other hair disorders.

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    1. Epidermal Stem Cells do not Communicate Through Gap Junctions Journal of Investigative Dermatology · 2002 · 73 citations
    2. Gap junctions in Turing-type periodic feather pattern formation PLoS Biology · 2024 · 8 citations
    3. Use of primary keratinocyte cultures from plucked human hairs for analysis of gap junctional intercellular communication Toxicology in Vitro · 1991 · 3 citations
    4. Gap junctions in Turing-type periodic feather pattern formation bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · 2023
    5. Defective Expression of the Gap Junction Protein Pannexin-1 Channel Contributes to the Formation of PCOS-Realted Androgenetic Alopecia Advances in reproductive sciences · 2023
    6. Transcriptome Profiling of Pilosebaceous Units in Male Androgenetic Alopecia Reveals Altered Junctional Networks Journal of Investigative Dermatology · 2021
    7. A Novel Connexin 26 Mutation in a Patient Diagnosed with Keratitis–Ichthyosis–Deafness Syndrome 2002 · 152 citations
    8. Defining the Cellular Environment in the Organ of Corti following Extensive Hair Cell Loss: A Basis for Future Sensory Cell Replacement in the Cochlea PloS one · 2012 · 71 citations
    9. Fine Structure of the Fully Keratinized Hair Cuticle in the Head Hair of the Human Cells Tissues Organs · 1981 · 11 citations
    10. Telocytes of the male reproductive system: dynamic tissue organizers Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · 2024 · 8 citations
    11. Hereditary mucoepithelial dysplasia: unique histopathological findings in skin lesions Journal of cutaneous pathology · 2012 · 7 citations
    12. G2 stem cells orchestrate time-directed, long-range coordination of calcium signaling during skin epidermal regeneration bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · 2021 · 4 citations
    13. Connexin mutations in human disease Experimental Dermatology · 2004 · 4 citations
    14. Phenotypic, transcriptomic, and genomic analyses reveal the spatiotemporal patterns and associated genes of coarse hair density in goats 动物学研究 · 2025 · 3 citations
    15. Methods for Treating Androgenic Alopecia by Restoration of Morphogenetic Field Connectivity in Hair Follicle Networks Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) · 2026
    16. Methods for Treating Disorders of Tissue Function by Restoration of Morphogenetic Field Connectivity: General Prior Art Disclosure Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) · 2026
    17. Methods for Treating Disorders of Tissue Function by Restoration of Morphogenetic Field Connectivity: General Prior Art Disclosure Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) · 2026
    18. Methods for Treating Androgenic Alopecia by Restoration of Morphogenetic Field Connectivity in Hair Follicle Networks Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) · 2026
    19. 478 Mutation-specific siRNA Knockdown of GJB2 − Potential gene therapy for Keratitis-ichthyosis-deafness Syndrome Journal of Investigative Dermatology · 2017
    20. 882 Syndactyly type III and hypotrichosis in oculodentodigital syndrome with GJA1 mutation Journal of Investigative Dermatology · 2017
    21. 464 Spatial transcriptomics links gene expression profiles to functional and structural traits of darkly pigmented skin Journal of Investigative Dermatology · 2025
    22. Genetic Differences between Male and Female Pattern Hair Loss in a Korean Population Life · 2024
    23. 918 Skin morphogenesis by coupling biochemical-bioelectric signals: Calcium oscillations coordinate dermal cell movement by epidermis-derived SHH signaling during feather bud orientation Journal of Investigative Dermatology · 2019
    24. Pannexin 3 regulates skin development via Epiprofin Scientific Reports · 2021 · 13 citations
    25. Acid phosphatase distribution in the wool follicle. III. Fate of organelles in keratinized cells Journal of ultrastructure research · 1976 · 6 citations
    26. Cell cycle controls long-range calcium signaling in the regenerating epidermis The Journal of Cell Biology · 2023 · 22 citations
    27. Clouston’s syndrome: a rare case report International Journal of Research in Dermatology · 2020
    28. LB1081 Three-dimensional imaging of tight junction-network across multiple layers of human epidermis by array tomography using backscattered electron-mode scanning electron microscopy Journal of Investigative Dermatology · 2019
    29. AGD1, a class 1 ARF‐GAP, acts in common signaling pathways with phosphoinositide metabolism and the actin cytoskeleton in controlling Arabidopsis root hair polarity The Plant Journal · 2011 · 56 citations
    30. Human epithelial hair follicle stem cells and their progeny: Current state of knowledge, the widening gap in translational research and future challenges BioEssays · 2014 · 106 citations