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    Glossary Free Radicals

    unstable molecules with unpaired electrons causing cellular damage

    Free radicals are unstable molecules that have an unpaired electron, making them highly reactive. They can cause damage to cells, proteins, and DNA by stealing electrons from other molecules, a process known as oxidative stress. This damage is linked to aging and various diseases, including cancer and neurodegenerative disorders.

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    1. Melatonin as a major skin protectant: from free radical scavenging to DNA damage repair Experimental dermatology · 2008 · 160 citations
    2. Protective Effects of Zizyphus jujuba and Fermented Zizyphus jujuba from Free Radicals and Hair Loss Journal of The Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition · 2014 · 9 citations
    3. A fast and simple FIA-chemiluminescence method for the evaluation of Roselle flowers as scavenger of the free radicals generated by UV irradiated antibiotics Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis · 2018 · 4 citations
    4. Towards a “free radical theory of graying”: melanocyte apoptosis in the aging human hair follicle is an indicator of oxidative stress induced tissue damage ˜The œFASEB journal · 2006 · 210 citations
    5. EFFECT OF GELATIN-CYSTINE AND SERENOA REPENS EXTRACT ON FREE RADICALS LEVEL AND HAIR GROWTH Journal of applied cosmetology · 1998 · 6 citations
    6. Plants used in cosmetics 2003 · 434 citations
    7. Effects of Visible Light on the Skin<sup>†</sup> Photochemistry and Photobiology · 2008 · 195 citations
    8. Melatonin: A Cutaneous Perspective on its Production, Metabolism, and Functions Journal of Investigative Dermatology · 2018 · 185 citations
    9. Oxidative stress and autoimmune skin disease 2013 · 73 citations
    10. TREM2 macrophages induced by human lipids drive inflammation in acne lesions Science Immunology · 2022 · 62 citations
    11. Lipid peroxides induce early onset of catagen phase in murine hair cycles International Journal of Molecular Medicine · 1998 · 49 citations
    12. Current advances of <i>Dendrobium officinale</i> polysaccharides in dermatology: a literature review Pharmaceutical Biology · 2020 · 45 citations
    13. Protective Effects of Melatonin on the Skin: Future Perspectives International Journal of Molecular Sciences · 2019 · 44 citations
    14. Potent Antioxidative and UVB Protective Effect of Water Extract of<i>Eclipta prostrata</i>L. The Scientific World JOURNAL · 2014 · 31 citations
    15. Differential effects of melatonin as a broad range UV-damage preventive dermato-endocrine regulator Dermato-endocrinology · 2011 · 31 citations
    16. UV damage of the hair. PubMed · 2008 · 24 citations
    17. Enhancement of In Vitro Hair Shaft Elongation in Follicles Stored in Buffers That Prevent Follicle Cell Apoptosis Dermatologic Surgery · 2004 · 10 citations
    18. Physiological skin oxygen levels: An important criterion for skin cell functionality and therapeutic approaches Free Radical Biology and Medicine · 2024 · 5 citations
    19. Biochemical changes and liver tissue pathology in weanling Wistar albino rats with protein-energy malnutrition (PEM). PubMed · 2003 · 4 citations
    20. Properties and use of plant stem cells in cosmetic products Arhiv za farmaciju · 2014 · 3 citations
    21. Polyphenol-Rich Olive Mill Wastewater Extract and Its Potential Use in Hair Care Products Journal of Cosmetics, Dermatological Sciences and Applications · 2021 · 2 citations
    22. Cosmetic Dermatology 2014 · 2 citations
    23. Synthesis and Evaluation of Finasteride-Loaded HPMC-Based Nanogels for Transdermal Delivery: A Versatile Nanoscopic Platform BioMed Research International · 2022 · 2 citations
    24. The Invisible Threat to Hair and Scalpfrom Air Pollution Polish Journal of Environmental Studies · 2024 · 1 citations
    25. O uso dos óleos vegetais na prevenção do envelhecimento da pele Research, Society and Development · 2021 · 1 citations
    26. Hair colouring systems delivering colour with reduced fibre damage International Journal of Cosmetic Science · 2008 · 1 citations
    27. Pharmacological and Phytochemical Updates on Citrullus colocynthis & Citrullus lanata Indo global journal of pharmaceutical sciences · 2020 · 1 citations
    28. Bifunctional sodium hyaluronate microneedle patches integrating 5α-reductase and ROS regulation for boosted hair regeneration International Journal of Biological Macromolecules · 2025
    29. Formulasi Sampo Padat dari Ekstrak Etanol Daun Tin (Ficus carica L.) sebagai Antioksidan Bandung Conference Series Pharmacy · 2025
    30. Impact of Dongeui Hot Spring Water Complex with Sea Slug Extract on Antioxidant Activity and Hair Papilla Cell Proliferation Journal of Health and Beauty · 2024