5 citations
,
January 1994 in “Skin Pharmacology and Physiology” This study found that minoxidil forms a reservoir in the skin, allowing sustained drug delivery even after cleansing, while propylene glycol does not.
82 citations
,
May 2009 in “BJCP. British journal of clinical pharmacology/British journal of clinical pharmacology” The study reported that combining the Follicular Closing Technique with the Franz diffusion cell is a valuable method for investigating follicular caffeine penetration in vitro, though kinetics differ from in vivo results.
15 citations
,
May 2016 in “Die Pharmazie” This study found that nanostructured lipid carriers provided better skin-targeted delivery and drug loading for lidocaine than nanoethosomes, indicating improved local anesthetic efficacy in vitro.
8 citations
,
June 2019 in “Pharmaceutical research” This study found that using short durations of heat with chemical penetration enhancers improved isotretinoin delivery to human skin, especially via the hair follicles.
3 citations
,
January 2004 in “Zhōnghuá yàoxué zázhì” In this study, ethosomes were found to significantly enhance the transdermal penetration and skin accumulation of finasteride compared to liposomes and other control solutions.
2 citations
,
November 1987 in “Archives of Dermatology” This study found that minoxidil was released 50% less from creams than from lotions, with a similar release profile across different lotion formulations, suggesting a specific vehicle composition for topical use.
1 citations
,
October 2022 in “Iet Nanobiotechnology” This study explored a new dutasteride nanocarrier for alopecia therapy, concluding that ingredient concentration is key to achieving the optimal particle size, stability, and skin permeation for extended drug release.
March 2025 in “Molecules” This study explored the in vitro skin penetration of two compounds from Tectona grandis leaf extract used for standardization and found that compound 1 penetrates more efficiently than compound 2, especially with a propylene glycol enhancer.
January 2021 in “Figshare” This study developed a nanostructured lipid carrier for 17-α-estradiol that showed stable physicochemical properties and improved targeting to hair follicles in alopecia treatment.
January 2020 in “Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society” This study suggests that using nanostructured lipid carriers may improve the targeting of 17-α-estradiol in treating alopecia by improving skin penetration and stability.
March 2018 in “International Pharmacy Acta” This study concluded that niosomes could effectively serve as stable carriers for topical aminexil delivery, showing promising stability and a slow, biphasic release profile in laboratory settings.
January 2018 in “Refubium (Universitätsbibliothek der Freien Universität Berlin)” This study found that dexamethasone-loaded polymeric nanoparticles, particularly those combining ethyl cellulose with Eudragit® RS, may improve controlled release and penetration of corticosteroids into the skin and hair follicles compared to traditional methods.
January 2009 in “The Chinese Journal of Modern Applied Pharmacy” This study concluded that QSPR models effectively predict drug skin penetration, with the Potts-Guy model showing the highest predictive accuracy for the drugs tested.
13 citations
,
November 2017 in “BMC Veterinary Research” This study suggests that topically applied fusidic acid may penetrate only the most superficial layers of canine skin but can reach sufficient concentrations to potentially treat infections caused by pathogenic staphylococci.
3 citations
,
April 2015 in “International research journal of pharmacy” This study concluded that the follicular route is a significant pathway for delivering gentamicin through the skin, as demonstrated by higher drug permeation in non-plugged pig's ear skin compared to plugged skin.
12 citations
,
March 2012 in “ATLA. Alternatives to laboratory animals” This study found that caffeine and flufenamic acid penetrated porcine skin more effectively through hair follicles, while the importance of the follicular pathway varied for other substances tested.
10 citations
,
June 2019 in “International Journal of Pharmaceutics” Hair removal methods damage the skin barrier and affect substance penetration.
15 citations
,
April 2021 in “International Journal of Pharmaceutics” This study found that smaller mesoporous silica particles (400-600 nm) accumulated in skin furrows, suggesting their potential as carriers for enhancing the delivery of topical medications like metronidazole.
May 2026 in “Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications” This study found that the carbohydrate-based excipient β-cyclodextrin forms a stable inclusion complex with the active ingredient of Minoxicapil®, potentially enhancing its formulation for hair-loss treatment, and in vitro assays suggest improved proliferation of DPC cells, supporting its use in topical treatments.
9 citations
,
March 2024 in “Journal of Biomaterials Applications” This study developed dissolving microneedles using specific polymers for transdermal delivery of rizatriptan benzoate, demonstrating improved drug skin penetration and significant alleviation of migraine symptoms in vivo compared to passive diffusion, suggesting potential advantages over conventional treatment methods for acute migraine.
6 citations
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May 2019 in “Journal of pharmaceutical sciences” This study found that diffusion coefficients of chemicals in artificial sebum are significantly higher than those in stratum corneum lipids, suggesting the hair follicle may significantly contribute to transdermal permeation.
55 citations
,
June 2013 in “Dermatologic Surgery” This review discusses the use of ablative and nonablative fractional resurfacing for enhanced topical drug delivery in dermatology and reports no new clinical results; further studies are needed to explore these methods.
September 2023 in “HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)” In this study, peptide-based nanoparticles were successfully used to deliver the CRISPR-Cas9 system into cancer cells, effectively targeting and editing KRAS mutations, suggesting promising therapeutic potential for cancer treatment.
63 citations
,
May 2011 in “Clinical cancer research” In this study, topical CUR61414 was effective in inhibiting basal cell carcinomas in mice, but no clinical activity was observed in human trials.
In preclinical studies, topical CUR61414 reduced Hh signaling and shrank BCCs in mice, but this study found no clinical efficacy in human superficial or nodular BCCs.
25 citations
,
June 2011 in “International journal of pharmaceutics” This study found that polymeric nanoparticle suspensions can deliver poorly water-soluble drugs to hair follicles in animal models, suggesting a promising method for targeted topical treatments.
29 citations
,
October 2016 in “Cell death and differentiation” This study found that in squamous cell carcinomas, the inhibition of the tumor-suppressor function of TAp73β by ΔNp63α occurs through promoter squelching, not direct protein interaction.
149 citations
,
July 2014 in “Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine” This article provides contact information for Bruce A. Morgan and features no new research findings.
17 citations
,
May 2015 in “Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology and Medicine” This study found that lipid nanocarriers called squarticles, conjugated with an antibody, enhanced minoxidil uptake in dermal papilla cells, potentially improving alopecia treatments.
January 2024 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)” In this study, the researchers found that deleting ceramide synthase 4 in the skin's epidermis alters stem cell differentiation, disrupting hair follicle structure and barrier function, potentially leading to immune responses similar to atopic dermatitis.