August 2026 in “DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)” This review summarizes the potential of exosome-based therapies as a promising treatment for androgenetic alopecia, emphasizing their role in modulating key signaling pathways, but highlights the need for further evidence to confirm their efficacy and safety.
June 2025 in “International Journal of Dermatology” This review highlights that exosomes are showing promise as therapeutic, prognostic, and diagnostic agents in dermatology, with clinical studies suggesting efficacy for skin aging, scarring, hair restoration, and inflammatory conditions, though challenges in standardization and regulation remain.
May 2025 in “OPAL (Open@LaTrobe) (La Trobe University)” This study found that the multifunctional exosome-based delivery platform EX104 reversed hair follicle miniaturization and promoted hair growth in a mouse model of androgenetic alopecia, performing comparably to minoxidil while also enhancing capillary growth and follicular proliferation.
6 citations
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August 2025 in “Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology” This review discusses the evolution of platelet concentrates in regenerative medicine, highlighting a proposed function-driven classification that distinguishes three generations of PCs by biological activity rather than development order, with third-generation exosome-based therapies showing superior therapeutic efficacy over earlier formulations.
51 citations
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January 2024 in “Burns & Trauma” This review summarizes the therapeutic potential and development of engineered extracellular vesicles for tissue repair and regenerative medicine, reporting no new clinical findings.
February 2025 in “Experimental Cell Research” In this laboratory study, the researchers found that combining dermal papilla cell-derived exosomes with collagenous sequences significantly enhanced hair follicle stem cell migration and proliferation, highlighting a potential strategy for hair regeneration through modulation of the hsa-novel-238a-CASP9 axis.
May 2025 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” This study found that exosomes and secretome derived from rat hair follicle stem cells show promising potential for wound healing and tissue repair, demonstrating significant wound closure and suggesting their broader applicability in regenerative medicine.
1 citations
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February 2024 in “Journal of Microscopy and Ultrastructure” In this study, intravenous injection of exosomes derived from mesenchymal stromal cells accelerated wound healing and improved skin tissue regeneration in adult male rats.
April 2025 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” In this study, exosomes derived from Iris germanica L. rhizomes (Iris-exosomes) were reported to alleviate oxidative stress and improve mitochondrial function in human follicle dermal papilla cells by activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, suggesting potential benefits for hair loss treatment.
40 citations
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March 2022 in “Small” In an animal model, this study found that PEG hydrogels delivering M2 macrophage-derived exosomes effectively promoted M1 to M2 macrophage transition and enhanced wound healing.
January 2019 in “Cell & developmental biology” This study found that using 3D cultures and fetal tissue extracts significantly improved the outcomes of stem cell treatments for regenerative medicine, including hair follicle formation and chronic wound healing.
October 2023 in “Frontiers in endocrinology” This review investigates molecular mechanisms behind PCOS pathogenesis and discusses potential therapies, but reports no new clinical results.
December 2025 in “World Journal of Stem Cells” This study identified 232 stable proteins in exosomes from human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells and suggested a signaling axis that might support future androgenetic alopecia treatments.
14 citations
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July 2022 in “Applied Sciences” This review discusses the potential of extracellular vesicles as cell-free tools in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, noting their emerging role in promoting tissue repair without the risk of host rejection.
June 2026 in “The Egyptian Journal of Neurology Psychiatry and Neurosurgery” This review discusses the potential of mesenchymal stem cells and their secretome, mainly extracellular vesicles, in Parkinson's disease therapy, highlighting their neuroprotective abilities and therapeutic prospects, but it reports no clinical results.
June 2026 in “Journal of Biological Engineering” At the 21st Royan International Stem Cell Congress, researchers highlighted the growing integration in regenerative medicine, emphasizing advances in pluripotency, AI applications, and bioengineering for the development of accessible stem cell therapies.
This narrative review highlights the potential of exosomes in regenerative and aesthetic dermatology, particularly in India, but emphasizes that their clinical use is still investigational due to limited and diverse study data, insufficient long-term safety information, and regulatory challenges.
This randomized control trial reported that mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes significantly increased hair density and thickness in patients with androgenic alopecia, with a mean increase of 35 hairs/cm² over 12 weeks compared to the placebo group, which showed minimal hair density changes.
March 2026 in “Plastic and Aesthetic Research” This review highlights that exosomes from adipose-derived stem cells, particularly those enriched with circ-Ash1l, can inhibit ferroptosis and reduce UVB-induced skin aging by delivering GPX4-promoting signals to damaged cells, thus offering a potential regenerative therapy for photoaged skin.
December 2025 in “ADMET & DMPK” This review synthesizes recent research to propose a precision framework for treating androgenetic alopecia and alopecia areata based on genetic insights and pathway biology, highlighting the roles of androgen-receptor signaling, immune dysregulation, and emerging therapies like regenerative medicine and AI-assisted diagnostics.
January 2026 in “Open Life Sciences” This study found that exosomes derived from human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells enhanced stem cell proliferation and structural restoration in irradiated salivary glands of rats, with significant improvements observed by day 7, suggesting activation of the Wnt signaling pathway.
8 citations
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October 2023 in “Folia Histochemica et Cytobiologica” This study observed that exosomes from adipose mesenchymal stem cells overexpressing hepatocyte growth factor significantly improved liver function and reduced fibrosis in mice with experimentally induced liver injury.
September 2023 in “HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)” In this study, peptide-based nanoparticles were successfully used to deliver the CRISPR-Cas9 system into cancer cells, effectively targeting and editing KRAS mutations, suggesting promising therapeutic potential for cancer treatment.
December 2025 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” This review examined 40 studies on exosome-based therapies for alopecia areata, reporting significant hair regrowth and improvements in hair count, length, and thickness, but highlighted the need for standardized methodologies and robust RCTs before clinical application.
September 2025 in “Aesthetic Surgery Journal” In this systematic review and meta-analysis, researchers found that exosome therapies significantly improved facial wrinkles by 20.2% and enhanced hair density and thickness by 23.6% and 18%, respectively, despite challenges in generalizability due to study heterogeneity and nonstandardized protocols.
March 2026 in “Journal of Drugs in Dermatology” This study conducted a review of clinical studies from 2020 to 2025 on exosome-based dermatologic therapies, reporting improvements in skin conditions like wrinkles and scars, though with noted limitations such as small sample sizes and potential conflicts of interest.
November 2025 in “Journal of Craniofacial Surgery Open” This study highlights exosome-based therapies as promising treatments for androgenetic alopecia, detailing protocol development, quality control measures, and clinical application examples, with mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes improving hair density in a case study without adverse effects.
4 citations
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December 2022 in “Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology” This review discusses the role of exosomes in medical aesthetics, focusing on their mechanisms, production, and preservation, but reports no new clinical results and highlights barriers to their widespread application.
1 citations
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December 2025 in “Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics” Exosomes show promise in improving skin health and appearance.
June 2025 in “IntechOpen eBooks” This chapter highlights the potential of exosomes as innovative agents in cosmetic dermatology, noting their ability to promote skin rejuvenation and target issues like wrinkles, photoaging, and hair loss.