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Glossary ERK Pathway

chain of proteins transmitting signals from cell surface to DNA

The ERK Pathway, also known as the Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase Pathway, is a chain of proteins in the cell that communicates signals from a receptor on the cell's surface to the DNA in the nucleus. This pathway plays a crucial role in regulating various cellular activities, including growth, division, and differentiation. It is particularly important in the context of hair biology, as disruptions in this pathway can influence hair growth and contribute to conditions like alopecia.

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research Involvement of Activation of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK)/Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase (ERK) Signaling Pathway in Proliferation of Urethral Plate Fibroblasts in Finasteride-Induced Rat Hypospadias

10 citations , December 2018 in “Medical Science Monitor”

This study suggests that the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway plays a role in the regulation of cell proliferation, apoptosis, and cycling in rat urethral plate fibroblasts affected by finasteride-induced hypospadias.

research Quercitrin Stimulates Hair Growth with Enhanced Expression of Growth Factors via Activation of MAPK/CREB Signaling Pathway

25 citations , September 2020 in “Molecules”

In this study, quercitrin was reported to promote hair growth and cell viability in cultured human dermal papilla cells by enhancing cellular energy metabolism and growth factor production via MAPK/CREB signaling.

research Reductive Stress Selectively Disrupts Collagen Homeostasis and Modifies Growth Factor-independent Signaling Through the MAPK/Akt Pathway in Human Dermal Fibroblasts

9 citations , March 2019 in “Molecular & cellular proteomics”

In this study, around 1% of proteins in skin fibroblasts significantly changed in response to reductive stress, affecting collagens and MAPK signaling pathways.

Hair Growth-Promotion Effects of Different Alternating Current Parameter Settings Are Mediated by the Activation of Wnt/β-Catenin and MAPK Pathway

research Hair growth‐promotion effects of different alternating current parameter settings are mediated by the activation of Wnt/β‐catenin and MAPK pathway

27 citations , August 2015 in “Experimental Dermatology”

In this study, electrical stimuli at low voltage and frequency settings promoted hair growth in vitro and in rabbit models, possibly by activating pathways like Wnt/β-catenin.

research Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1) in Hair Regeneration: Mechanistic Pathways and Therapeutic Potential

September 2025 in “Current Issues in Molecular Biology”

This study highlights IGF-1's role in promoting hair follicle proliferation, vascularization, and growth, suggesting its potential as a treatment target for hair loss disorders like androgenetic alopecia, though more research on delivery methods and long-term effects is needed.

research Mathematical Modeling and Inference of Epidermal Growth Factor-Induced Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Cell Signaling Pathways

3 citations , September 2024 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences”

This review examines how mathematical modeling of the MAPK pathway, enhanced by single-cell proteomic data, improves understanding of regulatory mechanisms, predicts system behavior, and guides experimental research, emphasizing recent developments in modeling and inference.

research Large extracellular vesicles from induced pluripotent stem cell-marrow stem cells enhance limb angiogenesis via ERK/MAPK

1 citations , July 2024 in “Nanomedicine”

This study demonstrated that EVs from pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells improved recovery and function in ischemic lower limbs by enhancing angiogenesis through the ERK/MAPK signaling pathway.

research Establishment of an Efficient Primary Culture System for Human Hair Follicle Stem Cells Using the Rho-Associated Protein Kinase Inhibitor Y-27632

16 citations , March 2021 in “Frontiers in cell and developmental biology”

This study established an efficient short-term culture system for human hair follicle stem cells using human fibronectin and ROCK inhibitor Y-27632, enhancing cell proliferation and stemness for potential applications in hair follicle tissue engineering.

Epimedium Brevicornum Maxim Extract Enhances Melanin Biosynthesis and Melanosome Biogenesis/Transfer

research Epimedium brevicornum Maxim. Extract exhibits pigmentation by melanin biosynthesis and melanosome biogenesis/transfer

6 citations , September 2022 in “Frontiers in pharmacology”

In this study, Epimedii Folium extract was found to enhance melanin production and promote pigmentation through mechanisms involving the MAPK/ERK1/2 pathway in both in vitro and in vivo models.

research Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor and proglucagon expression in mouse skin

37 citations , March 2006 in “Regulatory Peptides”

This study reports that GLP-1 receptors and proglucagon are expressed in the skin of newborn mice, with GLP-1 potentially playing a role in skin development and hair follicle formation.

research 691 Topical curcumin promotes induction of the murine hair cycle

3 citations , April 2016 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

This study found that topical curcumin can initiate hair growth in mice by acting as a JAK inhibitor but could not fully reverse alopecia areata, likely due to insufficient penetration to deeper skin layers.

research Bio-Nanovesicle-Based Approaches for Hair and Skin Regeneration: An Updated Concise Review

March 2026 in “Cells”

This study suggests that bio-nanovesicles, such as exosomes and microvesicles, may enhance skin and hair follicle regeneration by modulating key signaling pathways, potentially overcoming the limitations of conventional treatments for alopecia and chronic skin diseases.

research Identificación de la variación molecular y genética subyacente a las enfermedades de la piel

January 2025 in “Repository of Digital Objects for Teaching Research and Culture (University of Valencia)”

This research highlights the potential of non-coding RNAs as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in dermatology, while experimental studies on a unique GVM case suggest CCM2L may modulate disease severity, advancing understanding of genetic mechanisms in rare skin disorders.

research Inhibition of TNF-α-Induced Collagen Degradation and Oxidative Damage by Centipeda minima and Brevilin A in Human Dermal Fibroblasts

1 citations , May 2025 in “Current Issues in Molecular Biology”

This study found that Centipeda minima and brevilin A significantly reduced oxidative stress and inflammation in human dermal fibroblasts, suggesting their potential to protect against skin aging and inflammation.

research The Photoprotective Effect of S-Methylmethionine Sulfonium in Skin

14 citations , July 2015 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences”

This study found that S-Methylmethionine sulfonium (SMMS) enhances cell survival and reduces damage from UVB irradiation in skin cells, suggesting its potential as a cosmetic ingredient for UV protection.

research Recombinant Filaggrin-2 microneedles reverse androgenetic alopecia by rescuing mitochondrial dysfunction in dermal papilla cells

March 2026 in “International Journal of Biological Macromolecules”

Recombinant Filaggrin-2 microneedles effectively promote hair growth and repair in hair loss.

research Rejuvenating senescent hair follicles: a novel conjugated linoleic acid based nanovesicle approach to treat androgenic alopecia

November 2025 in “Journal of Nanobiotechnology”

This study found that in androgenetic alopecia mice, MNX@Arg-CLAVs, a novel nanovesicle platform containing minoxidil and conjugated linoleic acid, enhanced hair regeneration and reduced hair follicle aging more effectively and with less irritation compared to traditional minoxidil tincture.

Hair Loss Associated With Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist Use: A Systematic Review

research Hair Loss Associated With Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Receptor Agonist Use: A Systematic Review

September 2025 in “Cureus”

This systematic review found conflicting evidence on hair loss related to GLP-1 receptor agonists in adults with type 2 diabetes or obesity, with some studies noting hair regrowth and others reporting hair loss as a side effect. Further research is needed to understand this relationship.

research Epimorphin and Epithelial Morphogenesis

January 2007

This article discusses the role of epimorphin as a key morphoregulator for various epithelial cells in tubulogenesis and reports no experimental results on its signaling pathways.

research Chemical Constituents from Osmanthus fragrans var. aurantiacus Makino with Their In Vitro and In Silico Studies Target Anti-Inflammation by Suppressing ERK 1/2 MAPK Signaling

August 2025 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences”

This study found that compounds isolated from Osmanthus fragrans var. aurantiacus demonstrated antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activities, potentially offering therapeutic benefits for inflammatory bowel diseases by inhibiting COX-2 and iNOS enzymes and blocking ERK 1/2 MAPK signaling.

Bisphenol-A Antagonizes the Rapidly Modulating Effect of Dihydrotestosterone on Spinogenesis and Long-Term Potentiation of Hippocampal Neurons

research Bisphenol-A antagonizes the rapidly modulating effect of DHT on spinogenesis and long-term potentiation of hippocampal neurons

10 citations , December 2017 in “Chemosphere”

In this study, BPA rapidly increased dendritic spine and synapse densities in cultured rat hippocampal neurons, with involvement of estrogen receptors and ERK1/2 and p38 pathways, but disrupted dihydrotestosterone's effects on synaptic plasticity.

research 606 Connecting signaling dynamics with cell fates in live mice

April 2021 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

In this study, researchers observed that different ERK signal activation dynamics during hair follicle regeneration are linked to cell fate specification and are affected by distinct upstream signaling pathways.

research The potential application of natural products in cutaneous wound healing: A review of preclinical evidence

45 citations , July 2022 in “Frontiers in Pharmacology”

This review discusses the mechanisms and targets of natural products for treating nonhealing wounds and reports no new experimental results, highlighting potential pathways and cytokines involved.

research Platelet Concentrates Preconditioning of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Combined Therapies: Integrating Regenerative Strategies for Enhanced Clinical Applications

3 citations , January 2024 in “Cell Transplantation”

This study reviews various factors affecting mesenchymal stem cell transplantation efficacy, including platelet concentrate composition, donor characteristics, and environmental influences, and examines strategies for optimizing outcomes through preconditioning and combined therapies in regenerative medicine.

research Betulinic acid exerts anti‐hepatitis C virus activity via the suppression of NF‐κB‐ and MAPK‐ERK1/2‐mediated COX‐2 expression

44 citations , June 2015 in “British Journal of Pharmacology”

This study found that betulinic acid inhibits hepatitis C virus replication by suppressing the NF-κB- and ERK1/2-mediated COX-2 pathway, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic supplement.

research Curcumin and cancer biology: Focusing regulatory effects in different signalling pathways

27 citations , April 2021 in “Phytotherapy Research”

This review describes how curcumin, a compound derived from turmeric, affects various cell signaling pathways involved in cancer progression, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic agent with fewer side effects compared to conventional cancer treatments.

research The Role of LncRNAs in Radio- and Chemoresistance of Glioblastoma: Prognostic or Therapeutic?

September 2025 in “Current Oncology”

This review highlights the potential roles of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in malignant brain tumors, reporting that further research into their involvement in therapy resistance and cancer pathways could improve diagnosis and treatment outcomes.

research Biological therapy in the treatment of melanoma

3 citations , October 2018 in “Journal of Mind and Medical Sciences”

This study highlights that biological therapy, which stimulates the immune system through various methods like cytokine injections and immune checkpoint inhibition, shows promise for treating melanoma based on laboratory and clinical studies.

Wnt/β-Catenin and ERK Pathway Activation: A Possible Mechanism of Photobiomodulation Therapy with Light-Emitting Diodes That Regulate the Proliferation of Human Outer Root Sheath Cells

research Wnt/β‐catenin and ERK pathway activation: A possible mechanism of photobiomodulation therapy with light‐emitting diodes that regulate the proliferation of human outer root sheath cells

43 citations , September 2017 in “Lasers in Surgery and Medicine”

This study found that LED light irradiation induced proliferation and migration of human outer root sheath cells, potentially through the stimulation of the Wnt/β-catenin and ERK signaling pathways.

research Activin B Promotes BMSC-Mediated Cutaneous Wound Healing by Regulating Cell Migration via the JNK—ERK Signaling Pathway

45 citations , April 2013 in “Cell Transplantation”

In this study, the researchers reported that activin B combined with bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells enhanced wound healing and hair follicle regeneration in rats by promoting cell migration through the ERK and JNK pathways.