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Glossary ERK inhibitors

drugs that block proteins involved in cell signaling

ERK inhibitors are drugs or molecules that block the activity of ERK (Extracellular signal-Regulated Kinases), which are proteins involved in sending signals within cells. These signals can control various functions, including cell growth and division. By inhibiting ERK, these drugs can potentially treat conditions like cancer, where cell growth is uncontrolled, or even certain types of hair loss by affecting the pathways that regulate hair follicle activity.

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research VEGF induces proliferation of human hair follicle dermal papilla cells through VEGFR-2-mediated activation of ERK

120 citations , May 2012 in “Experimental Cell Research”

This study found that VEGF stimulates the proliferation of human hair follicle dermal papilla cells via the VEGFR-2/ERK pathway, without involving p38, JNK, or AKT signaling.

research Establishment of an Efficient Primary Culture System for Human Hair Follicle Stem Cells Using the Rho-Associated Protein Kinase Inhibitor Y-27632

16 citations , March 2021 in “Frontiers in cell and developmental biology”

This study established an efficient short-term culture system for human hair follicle stem cells using human fibronectin and ROCK inhibitor Y-27632, enhancing cell proliferation and stemness for potential applications in hair follicle tissue engineering.

research Dihydrotestosterone Induces Keratinocyte Apoptosis by Activating ERK Signaling

August 2026 in “In Vivo”

This study found that DHT induces apoptosis in human keratinocyte cells via ERK activation, independently of androgen receptors and the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.

research Hair Growth Promoting Effects of 15-Hydroxyprostaglandin Dehydrogenase Inhibitor in Human Follicle Dermal Papilla Cells

July 2024 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences”

This study explored the effects of DPP, a 15-PGDH inhibitor, on human follicle dermal papilla cells damaged by dihydrotestosterone and observed that DPP enhanced wound healing, reduced reactive oxygen species, and increased hair growth in ex vivo human hair follicle cultures.

research The incidence and management of cutaneous adverse events of the epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors

18 citations , January 2017 in “Postępy Dermatologii i Alergologii”

This review discusses the adverse skin effects of EGFR inhibitors used in cancer treatment, exploring their mechanisms and offering strategies for prevention and management, but reports no new experimental findings.

research Antimelanogenic effect of ginsenoside Rg3 through extracellular signal-regulated kinase-mediated inhibition of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor

33 citations , January 2015 in “Journal of Ginseng Research”

This study found that ginsenoside Rg3 significantly inhibited melanogenesis in human melanocytes and B16F10 cells by activating the ERK pathway, suggesting potential as a skin-whitening agent.

research Effect of Decellularized Extracellular Matrix Bioscaffolds Derived from Fibroblasts on Skin Wound Healing and Remodeling

8 citations , June 2022 in “Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology”

This study found that a collagen patch made with fibroblast-derived extracellular matrix (fdECM) extracted from human lung fibroblasts enhanced wound healing by promoting wound contraction, angiogenesis, and skin remodeling in full-thickness skin wound models, including those with diabetic ulcers.

research 873 The effect of Cilostazol on hair growth: A novel therapeutic option for the treatment of hair loss

1 citations , April 2017 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

This study found that cilostazol promoted hair growth in human dermal papilla cells and mouse models, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic target for alopecia treatment.

research Cutaneous Drug Eruptions Associated with the Use of New Oncological Drugs

29 citations , January 2012 in “Chemical immunology/Fortschritte der Allergielehre/Progress in allergy/Chemical immunology and allergy”

This review discusses the various skin, mucosa, and adnexa side effects associated with different chemotherapeutic agents and provides insights into their clinical presentation and management; it reports no new results.

research 691 Topical curcumin promotes induction of the murine hair cycle

3 citations , April 2016 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

This study found that topical curcumin can initiate hair growth in mice by acting as a JAK inhibitor but could not fully reverse alopecia areata, likely due to insufficient penetration to deeper skin layers.

research Role and Mechanisms of Phytochemicals in Hair Growth and Health

2 citations , January 2023 in “Pharmaceuticals”

This review discusses factors affecting hair health, types of alopecia, and the potential of phytochemicals in managing hair loss but reports no new clinical results; it highlights the need for further studies.

research 546 Epidermal growth factor receptor as a key regulator of the immune privilege

November 2022 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

This study implicates EGFR as a critical regulator of immune privilege and stem cell quiescence in hair follicles, suggesting a link between EGFR inhibition and inflammation-driven hair loss during cancer therapy.

research Sorafenib-induced eruption resembling pityriasis rubra pilaris

21 citations , July 2011 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology”

This study reported a drug-induced pityriasis rubra pilaris-like eruption in a patient treated with sorafenib, suggesting a possible effect of sorafenib on keratinocyte biology.

research When bugs and drugs conspire: driving acneiform skin toxicity

1 citations , February 2020 in “The Journal of clinical investigation/The journal of clinical investigation”

This study elucidates a mechanism for acne-like skin toxicity caused by EGFR/MEK inhibitors, involving an interaction with skin bacteria to trigger inflammation, which supports existing antibiotic treatment practices.

research Cutaneous adverse effects of targeted therapies

149 citations , January 2015 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology”

This review discusses skin-related adverse effects from targeted cancer therapies in dermatology but does not provide new clinical results, emphasizing the essential role of dermatologists in managing these toxicities.

research miR-3606-3p alleviates skin fibrosis by integratively suppressing the integrin/FAK, p-AKT/p-ERK, and TGF-β signaling cascades

15 citations , November 2024 in “Journal of Advanced Research”

In this study, researchers found that miR-3606-3p is significantly downregulated in skin fibrosis and correlates with disease severity, with its ability to inhibit key signaling pathways suggesting potential therapeutic applications for conditions like systemic sclerosis and keloids.

research Biofabrication of silver nanoparticles using Ostericum koreanum plant extract for treatment of allergic rhinitis in nursing care

5 citations , December 2020 in “Materials Research Express”

This study found that silver nanoparticles biofabricated using Ostericum koreanum leaf extract inhibited inflammatory cytokine production in stimulated human mast cell lines, suggesting potential use in treating mast cell-mediated allergic diseases.

[4-t-Butylphenyl]-N-(4-imidazol-1-yl phenyl)sulfonamide (ISCK03) Inhibits SCF/c-kit Signaling in 501mel Human Melanoma Cells and Abolishes Melanin Production in Mice and Brownish Guinea Pigs

research [4-t-Butylphenyl]-N-(4-imidazol-1-yl phenyl)sulfonamide (ISCK03) inhibits SCF/c-kit signaling in 501mel human melanoma cells and abolishes melanin production in mice and brownish guinea pigs

26 citations , July 2007 in “Biochemical Pharmacology”

This study found that phenyl-imidazole sulfonamide derivatives, particularly ISCK03, inhibited c-kit signaling and promoted depigmentation in various experimental settings, suggesting potential use as skin-whitening agents.

research The antimycotic agent clotrimazole inhibits melanogenesis by accelerating ERK and PI3K-/Akt-mediated tyrosinase degradation

15 citations , March 2015 in “Experimental Dermatology”

Clotrimazole, an antifungal cream, may safely reduce skin pigmentation by breaking down the enzyme needed for making melanin.

research Udenafil Induces the Hair Growth Effect of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells

9 citations , April 2019 in “Biomolecules & Therapeutics”

This study found that udenafil-treated adipose-derived stem cells accelerated hair growth in mice by enhancing stem cell activity and growth factor secretion through the ERK and NFκB pathways.

research Epidermal Growth Factor Induces Proliferation of Hair Follicle-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Through Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-Mediated Activation of ERK and AKT Signaling Pathways Associated with Upregulation of Cyclin D1 and Downregulation of p16

83 citations , October 2016 in “Stem Cells and Development”

This study found that epidermal growth factor significantly enhances the proliferation of hair follicle-derived mesenchymal stem cells through the EGFR/ERK and AKT pathways, without involving the STAT3 pathway.

Preconditioning With Far-Infrared Irradiation Enhances Proliferation, Cell Survival, And Migration Of Rat Bone Marrow-Derived Stem Cells Via CXCR4-ERK Pathways

research Preconditioning with far-infrared irradiation enhances proliferation, cell survival, and migration of rat bone marrow-derived stem cells via CXCR4-ERK pathways

44 citations , October 2017 in “Scientific Reports”

This study found that far-infrared radiation preconditioning significantly enhanced the proliferation, survival, and migration of bone marrow-derived stem cells in vitro, indicating potential therapeutic benefits for cardiac ischemia treatment.

research Undariopsis peterseniana Promotes Hair Growth by the Activation of Wnt/β-Catenin and ERK Pathways

27 citations , May 2017 in “Marine Drugs”

This study found that Undariopsis peterseniana extract may promote hair growth by activating specific cellular pathways, suggesting potential for treating alopecia.

research Involvement of Activation of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK)/Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase (ERK) Signaling Pathway in Proliferation of Urethral Plate Fibroblasts in Finasteride-Induced Rat Hypospadias

10 citations , December 2018 in “Medical Science Monitor”

This study suggests that the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway plays a role in the regulation of cell proliferation, apoptosis, and cycling in rat urethral plate fibroblasts affected by finasteride-induced hypospadias.

research Wheat Sprout Extract Stimulates Cell Proliferation via Phosphorylation of ERK and Akt in Human Dermal Papilla Cells

June 2017 in “Yakakoeji/Yaghag hoeji”

This study found that Wheat Sprout MeOH extract increased cell proliferation in human hair dermal papilla cells through the activation of ERK and Akt signaling pathways.

Retinoid-Mediated Stimulation of Steroid Sulfatase Activity in Myeloid Leukemic Cell Lines Requires RARα and RXR and Involves the Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase and ERK-MAP Kinase Pathways

research Retinoid-mediated stimulation of steroid sulfatase activity in myeloid leukemic cell lines requires RARα and RXR and involves the phosphoinositide 3-kinase and ERK-MAP kinase pathways

24 citations , September 2005 in “Journal of Cellular Biochemistry”

This study found that all-trans and 9-cis retinoic acids increase steroid sulfatase activity in HL60 cells through mechanisms involving RARα/RXR heterodimers and multiple signaling pathways.

research An ERK-dependent molecular switch antagonizes fibrosis and promotes regeneration in spiny mice ( Acomys )

1 citations , April 2023 in “Science Advances”

This study found that sustained ERK activity during tissue regeneration in spiny mice is linked to fibroblast growth factor and ErbB signaling, while inhibiting ERK shifted regeneration toward scarring.

research Chemical Constituents from Osmanthus fragrans var. aurantiacus Makino with Their In Vitro and In Silico Studies Target Anti-Inflammation by Suppressing ERK 1/2 MAPK Signaling

August 2025 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences”

This study found that compounds isolated from Osmanthus fragrans var. aurantiacus demonstrated antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activities, potentially offering therapeutic benefits for inflammatory bowel diseases by inhibiting COX-2 and iNOS enzymes and blocking ERK 1/2 MAPK signaling.

research An ERK-dependent molecular switch antagonizes fibrosis and promotes regeneration in spiny mice (Acomys)

June 2022 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)”

This study found that MAPK/ERK signaling plays a key role in driving tissue regeneration in spiny mice and suggests potential for reversing fibrosis to promote regeneration in mammals.

research 329 Mechanisms of Cutaneous Adverse Events during Targeted Cancer Therapy

November 2022 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

This study explores how EGFR signaling impacts skin inflammation and follicular integrity during hair eruption, aiming to identify druggable pathways to mitigate skin inflammation in cancer patients receiving EGFR inhibitors.