402 citations
,
August 2011 in “Cancer research” This study found that castration-resistant prostate cancers resistant to CYP17A1 inhibitors may still depend on steroids and could respond to therapies targeting de novo intratumoral steroid synthesis.
232 citations
,
June 1975 in “Journal of Steroid Biochemistry” In this study, a treatment regimen combining cyproterone acetate and ethinyl estradiol significantly improved acne and seborrhoea in most women after three months, but had varied effects on hirsutism and alopecia.
149 citations
,
June 2002 in “British Journal of Dermatology” Minoxidil works better for female hair loss, but cyproterone reduces scalp oiliness and causes menstrual issues.
129 citations
,
January 1977 in “Hormone and metabolic research” Cyproterone Acetate effectively treats androgen-related conditions and is used in prostate cancer therapy and hormone therapy for transgender women.
113 citations
,
April 1999 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” This study found that all four treatments—flutamide, finasteride, ketoconazole, and EE-CPA—significantly reduced hirsutism, but EE-CPA and flutamide appeared most effective, with varying effects on androgen levels and side-effect profiles.
94 citations
,
July 1991 in “Clinical endocrinology” In this study, cyproterone acetate at 2 mg daily was found to be as effective as higher doses in reducing hair growth for hirsute women over 12 months.
91 citations
,
March 2021 in “Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology” CYP11A1 is crucial for skin health and disease by producing important steroids.
88 citations
,
May 2011 in “British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology” This study found that high doses of cyproterone acetate were associated with an increased risk of meningioma, especially with exposure longer than one year.
83 citations
,
April 1992 in “Clinical Endocrinology” This study found that treatment with cyproterone acetate and ethinyl oestradiol increased hair density in women with diffuse androgen-dependent alopecia, particularly when serum ferritin levels were above 40 μg/l.
78 citations
,
October 2003 in “Cochrane library” This review found that adding cyproterone acetate to estradiol showed a subjective improvement in hirsutism versus placebo, but comparisons with other therapies revealed no clinical differences.
74 citations
,
April 2002 in “PubMed” This study found that the oral contraceptive containing drospirenone (EE/DRSP) was as effective as EE/CPA in reducing acne lesions, sebum production, and hair growth in women with acne.
68 citations
,
May 1991 in “The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism/Journal of clinical endocrinology & metabolism” This study found that both cyproterone acetate and spironolactone effectively reduced hair diameter and plasma testosterone levels in hirsute women, with no significant differences between the two treatments.
64 citations
,
March 1984 in “Journal of steroid biochemistry/Journal of Steroid Biochemistry” In this study, cyproterone acetate combined with estradiol dramatically improved hirsutism symptoms and significantly reduced plasma testosterone and androstenedione levels in patients over periods of up to three years.
59 citations
,
February 2021 in “BMJ” This study found a strong dose-related increase in the risk of intracranial meningiomas associated with high doses of cyproterone acetate, with some reduction in risk after stopping the treatment.
58 citations
,
April 1998 in “Journal of biological chemistry/The Journal of biological chemistry” This study identified that the enzyme CYP2B12 is skin-specific and likely plays a role in the metabolism of arachidonic acid, a key component in lipid signaling within sebaceous glands.
58 citations
,
July 1974 in “The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism/Journal of clinical endocrinology & metabolism” This study found that cyproterone acetate, given with ethinyl oestradiol, significantly reduced hirsutism in women after 12 months, although improvements reversed once cyproterone acetate was stopped.
56 citations
,
April 2003 in “Fertility and Sterility” This study found that while cyproterone acetate, finasteride, and spironolactone had similar short-term effects in treating idiopathic hirsutism, spironolactone provided more lasting benefits one year after treatment.
52 citations
,
July 1998 in “Urology” This study found that liarozole is more effective than cyproterone acetate for improving PSA response and survival in metastatic prostate cancer after first-line endocrine therapy, while maintaining quality of life.
51 citations
,
May 2013 in “The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology” This review examines the role of steroidal inhibitors in treating prostatic diseases but presents no new clinical results.
49 citations
,
November 2019 in “Egyptian Journal of Medical Human Genetics” This review discusses the role of CYP gene polymorphisms in exacerbating hyperandrogenism in women with PCOS and reports no clinical results; further validation of this hypothesis is needed.
49 citations
,
June 1998 in “Journal of Endocrinological Investigation” In this study, both cyproterone acetate-estrogen combination (Diane®) and finasteride were effective in reducing hirsutism, but Diane® showed greater long-term efficacy and cost-effectiveness.
49 citations
,
April 1997 in “Human reproduction” This study found that both a high dose of CPA and GnRHa are effective for treating hirsutism in hyperandrogenic women, but GnRHa with add-back therapy may lead to a longer remission period.
49 citations
,
August 1996 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” This study found that combining cyproterone acetate with testosterone enanthate was highly effective in suppressing spermatogenesis, suggesting potential as a reversible male contraceptive method.
43 citations
,
May 1986 in “Clinics in Endocrinology and Metabolism” This review examines androgen status in male and female obesity and its influence on the metabolic syndrome, but reports no new clinical results.
42 citations
,
December 1976 in “PubMed” This study found that the combination of cyproterone acetate and ethinyl estradiol improved hirsutism and acne in women, with SH 8.1041 showing significant results and both treatments being generally well-tolerated.
40 citations
,
March 2019 in “Pharmaceutical development and technology” The study found that cyproterone acetate-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers, particularly those with a 300 nm diameter, improved skin penetration and targeted hair follicles more effectively than free cyproterone acetate.
40 citations
,
February 2005 in “Fertility and Sterility” This study suggests that although the G972R variant of the IRS1 gene might increase AA excess risk in heterozygous carriers with CYP21 mutations, both variations play a limited role in PCOS development.
39 citations
,
August 2004 in “International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics” This study found that both finasteride and a regimen of cyproterone acetate plus ethinyl estradiol effectively reduced hirsutism in women, with similar results despite differing hormonal effects.
39 citations
,
January 1980 in “Dermatology” In this study, cyproterone acetate with ethinyl estradiol effectively treated acne, hirsutism, and alopecia in women, with the highest success in acne and rare side effects similar to estrogen contraceptives.
36 citations
,
May 2017 in “The journal of sexual medicine” In this retrospective study, cyproterone acetate treatment in late-pubertal trans-girls was found to be generally safe and led to mild feminizing effects, with more rapid feminization occurring when combined with estrogens.