February 1999 in “The anatomical record” This study observed defects in hair cuticle cross-linking in some, but not all, mouse mutants with sparse or structurally unsound hair.
15 citations
,
February 1999 in “The anatomical record” This study found that defective cross-linking in hair cuticles is observable in a minority of mouse hair mutants, suggesting different proteins are involved in cross-linking across cell types.
75 citations
,
November 1965 in “Textile research journal” This study found that papain/bisulfite disintegrates human hair cuticles by dissolving the endocuticle, potentially accelerated by ethanol's removal of cell membrane material.
6 citations
,
October 2016 This article reviews the complex structure and molecular composition of hair keratins, highlighting their self-assembly process and implications for keratin extraction techniques, but reports no new experimental results.
This study found considerable variation in hair shaft proteomic profiles among Caucasian, African-American, Kenyan, and Korean subjects, with individual and site-specific differences observed.
This study used proteomic profiling to reveal significant individual and site-specific differences in human hair shaft proteins, which may improve the differentiation of hair based on ethnic origin and individual identity.
6 citations
,
May 2003 in “PubMed” This study found that DNA is present at low levels in human hair shafts, with higher amounts near the root, and that its levels decrease after surfactant washing and colorant treatments.
2 citations
,
August 2012 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” This correspondence describes two patients with both epidermolysis bullosa simplex, Dowling-Meara type, and loose anagen hair syndrome, an association not previously reported in the literature.
October 2021 in “Dermatology practical & conceptual” A Saudi girl was diagnosed with Loose Anagen Hair Syndrome, a rare condition causing easy hair loss without scarring.
May 2026 in “International Journal of Creative and Open Research in Engineering and Management” This review highlights key considerations for developing effective herbal hair oils, focusing on carrier selection, bioactive extraction, and standardization, and suggests incorporating advanced delivery systems like nanoemulsions to improve global manufacturing practices.
356 citations
,
December 1986 in “The journal of cell biology/The Journal of cell biology” This study found that specific human hair keratins are differentially expressed in the hair follicle, suggesting a shared pathway of epithelial differentiation between hair cortex and nail plate cells.
8 citations
,
March 2018 in “Cosmetics” In this study, researchers found that UV radiation causes hydroxy radicals to form cuticle holes specifically between the cuticle layers in wet hair, unlike random holes caused by Fenton's reaction.
5 citations
,
March 2001 in “Journal of biomechanics” This study found that anagen hairs require less force to be extracted than telogen hairs in an in vitro pig skin model, indicating different anchorage mechanisms.
226 citations
,
January 2002 in “Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin” This study developed a rapid method to extract proteins from human hair, revealing phosphorylation on serine and threonine residues in alpha-keratins and matrix proteins.
December 2022 in “Deleted Journal” In this study, topical application of keratin extract from wool promoted hair growth in mice by reducing the time for initiation and completion of growth phases and improving hair quality.
17 citations
,
December 2002 in “Biochemical and biophysical research communications” This study reports on the biochemical characteristics of S100A3 protein in human hair cuticle, notably finding its N-terminal methionine is acetylated and has a slightly lower isoelectric point compared to the recombinant version.
68 citations
,
August 2014 in “PeerJ” This study found that proteomic analysis can distinguish hair samples across different ethnicities and body regions based on keratin protein levels, which may aid forensic hair identification.
43 citations
,
September 2001 in “Scanning” Hair treatments like bleaching increase friction by exposing tiny pores on the hair surface.
36 citations
,
December 1991 in “Journal of Dermatological Science” Human nails contain both skin and hair keratins, each needing different extraction methods.
10 citations
,
May 2018 in “Forensic Science International” This study concluded that the process of mummification disfigures facial features, making identification challenging, but commercial shrunken heads retain more defining features compared to ceremonial ones.
7 citations
,
March 2019 in “Journal of cosmetic dermatology” This study found that African and Caucasian hair contain the most lipids, and depletion of these lipids leads to less water retention and increased water desorption, with Caucasian hair showing improved breaking tenacity after lipid extraction.
67 citations
,
December 1990 in “The journal of cell biology/The Journal of cell biology” This study identified two evolutionarily conserved ultra-high-sulfur keratin proteins in human and sheep hair follicles, which are specifically expressed in the hair cuticle during the late stages of fiber development.
46 citations
,
January 2009 in “Textile Research Journal” This study presents a DNA-analytical method that can reliably identify and differentiate cashmere, fine wool, yak, and camel hair fibers in both untreated and processed samples.
31 citations
,
December 2002 in “Biochimica et biophysica acta. G, General subjects/Biochimica et biophysica acta. General subjects (Online)” This study identified two types of calcium in human scalp hair, with one type highly variable between individuals, potentially impacting the analysis of environmental and medical factors related to hair calcium.
20 citations
,
September 2018 in “Journal of colloid and interface science” This study found that keratin derivatives with functionalized thiol groups improved binding to both natural and bleached hair fibers, suggesting a promising strategy for enhancing keratin's durability in hair repair.
18 citations
,
August 2014 in “Lipids” This study found that unsaturated fatty acids are more abundant in the cortex of human hair than on its surface, and steryl glycoside-like lipids may help bind the cuticle to the cortex.
17 citations
,
June 2014 in “Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine” This study found that sonography and electron microscopy revealed distinct abnormalities in hair follicle morphology in patients with androgenetic alopecia, which may aid in diagnosing and managing the condition.
15 citations
,
January 1992 in “Sen'i Gakkaishi” This study suggests that the cell membrane complex in hair cuticles contains hydrophilic regions with disulfide bonds allowing polymer uptake and hydrophobic lamella-like lipid layers.
14 citations
,
October 2019 in “Journal of Cellular Physiology” This study found that dermis micrografting improved hair growth and density in patients with androgenetic alopecia over 4, 6, and 12 months, suggesting it could be a novel treatment option.
13 citations
,
March 2006 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” The study found that a polymer treatment changes the charge on hair surfaces, making bleached hair smoother and less porous.