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Scientists successfully created and analyzed the structure of a part of the human androgen receptor with specific modulators and a peptide to understand how it binds differently in various tissues.

The protein ARA70/ELE1 is involved in male pattern baldness, and lower levels of its short form may lead to hair thinning.

TGF-β1 increases androgen receptor activity in hair loss, but Hic-5/ARA55 can counter this effect.

NcoA4 may have roles beyond helping control gene activity, possibly affecting cell behavior and stability.

Hairless protein can both repress and activate vitamin D receptor functions, affecting gene regulation.

Different problems with hair stem cell renewal can lead to hair loss.

Vitamin D and its receptor regulate skin functions like cell growth, immunity, hair cycle, and tumor prevention.

Male pattern baldness involves hormones and cell signals affecting hair growth.

Skin cells produce and activate vitamin D, which regulates skin functions and supports hair growth.

Protoporphyrin IX is useful in cancer treatment but can cause health problems if not properly regulated.

Androgens block hair growth by disrupting cell signals; targeting GSK-3 may help treat hair loss.

The tumor suppressor gene FLCN affects mitochondrial function and energy use in cells.

Proper control of β-catenin activity is crucial for development and preventing diseases like cancer.

TAF4 is important for skin cell growth and helps prevent skin cancer in mice.

Lower lipin 1β in belly fat is linked to insulin resistance in people with polycystic ovary syndrome.

We need better ways to test and understand SARMs to make safer and more effective treatments.

PDE inhibitors, especially PDE4 inhibitors like apremilast, are effective for certain inflammatory skin conditions but have side effects and can be costly.

The vitamin D receptor helps maintain hair and bone health even without binding vitamin D.

Mice without the vitamin D receptor have bone issues and other health problems, suggesting vitamin D is important for preventing various diseases in humans.

Anabolic steroids can build muscle and strength but have risks and need more research on their clinical benefits and side effects.

Keratins help protect cells, aid in cancer diagnosis, and influence cancer behavior and treatment.

Vitamin D receptor interacts with certain dietary components to help prevent diseases and regulate hair growth.

The document concludes that the 5 alpha-reductase enzymes are important in steroid metabolism and related to various human diseases, with inhibitors used to treat conditions like male pattern baldness and prostate issues.

Metformin helps manage polycystic ovary syndrome by improving insulin resistance and ovulation, but more research is needed on its full effects.

Androgens may cause hair loss by increasing TGF-beta1 from scalp cells, which inhibits hair cell growth.

Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs) help control skin health, hair growth, and color, and could potentially be used to treat skin and hair disorders.

A substance called DKK-1 increases in balding areas and causes hair cells to die when exposed to DHT.

Estrogens significantly influence hair growth by interacting with receptors in hair follicles and may help regulate the hair growth cycle.

Male pattern baldness involves genetics, hormones, and needs better treatments.

The WNT signaling pathway is important in many diseases and targeting it could offer new treatments.