1 citations
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December 2015 in “Jurnal Online Universitas Gadjah Mada (Universitas Gadjah Mada)” This study found that a lotion containing 1% xanthan gum had the best physical stability for candlenut extract hair-restoring lotion, with no significant change in flavonoid content after storage.
August 2025 in “Tropical Journal of Natural Product Research” This study found that aerosols formulated with celery extract and candlenut oil significantly stimulated hair growth in rabbits without causing skin irritation, suggesting their potential as natural and safe alternatives for treating alopecia.
August 2024 in “Proceeding Cendekia International Conference Health and Technology” In this quasi-experimental study, researchers explored the optimal formulation of a nanoemulsion containing candlenut ethanol extract, finding that specific combinations of tween 80, span 80, and sonication time affected its physical properties and stability, although further activity testing is needed.
April 2024 in “Jurnal Agroindustri Halal/Jurnal agroindustri halal” This study investigated formulations of hair tonic using Hormophysa triquetra seaweed and candlenut extract, finding that the variant with the highest seaweed extract content demonstrated superior physical stability and rapid hair growth in test animals due to its antioxidant properties.
October 2023 in “Indonesian Journal of Biomedicine and Health Science” In this study, researchers found that a combination of celery and candlenut extracts significantly increased hair length in male Wistar rats, while hair weight increased with either extract alone or combined, and hair thickness was most improved with candlenut extract alone.
October 2021 in “Borneo Journal of Pharmascientech” This study found that combining kemiri oil and garlic oil at a 1:1 ratio with 200 ppm concentration was most effective for promoting rabbit fur growth in terms of length and weight.
October 2024 in “Jurnal Pharmascience” This study concluded that formulations of celery and candlenut extracts meet the necessary criteria for use as a spray preparation aimed at promoting hair growth, based on evaluations of physical properties and consistency.
December 2024 in “Jurnal Insan Farmasi Indonesia” This study found that chloroform extract of the onchidiid snail significantly promoted hair growth in male Wistar strain white rats, with a greater increase in hair length over 14 days compared to ethanol extract, candlenut oil, and untreated controls.
December 2025 in “eTheses of Maulana Malik Ibrahim State Islamic University (Maulana Malik Ibrahim State Islamic University)” This study found that an optimal combination of ethnomedicinal extracts from East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia, significantly increased hair length in mice, suggesting potential as a natural agent for hair growth through antioxidant mechanisms.
June 2022 in “Jurnal Health Sains” This review discusses plant-based alternatives for hair tonic formulations to address hair loss and contains no new clinical results, advocating for plant extracts as safer options than synthetic ingredients.
1 citations
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May 2024 in “Journal of Pharmacopolium” This review compares nanoemulsion formulas from several plants, such as argan and candlenut oils, which showed enhanced effectiveness in promoting hair growth in animal tests.
January 2026 in “Lumbung Farmasi Jurnal Ilmu Kefarmasian” This study found that a topical emulsion containing purified extracts of sidr leaves and roasted candlenut seeds significantly increased hair growth compared to the base and 2% minoxidil, potentially through their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
This study evaluated formulations of a nanoemulsion with mangkokan leaves extract and candlenut oil, predicting its effectiveness for enhancing hair growth in male Sprague Dawley rats, with nanoemulsions showing assumed stable physical characteristics after two weeks.
July 2026 in “Pharmaciana” This study found that the optimal characteristics for ulin seed oil extraction are fresh, mature, and resinous seeds, and that FTIR spectrophotometry with PCA can effectively detect adulteration of the oil, particularly at certain wavenumbers like 1745 cm⁻¹.
1 citations
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September 2022 in “KnE medicine” This study demonstrated that a nanoemulsion hair tonic containing 7% candlenut oil accelerated hair growth more effectively in Mus musculus than both lower concentrations and a commercial ginseng tonic.
September 2022 in “KnE medicine” In this study, variations in candle nut oil concentration (5%, 6%, 7%) impacted the characteristics and stability of a hair tonic nanoemulsion, influencing factors like droplet size, pH, and viscosity.
December 2025 in “Dinasti International Journal of Management Science” This study reviewed existing research and concluded that digital marketing strategies, like social media engagement and influencer collaboration, effectively increase consumer interest and brand recognition for Manila Sapodilla Seed Oil Extract Emulsion in the competitive beauty and hair care market.
1 citations
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July 2022 in “Bandung Conference Series. Pharmacy” This study found that a hair tonic formulation using candlenut oil as an active ingredient could significantly promote hair growth in rabbits, achieving 29.77 mm in 22 days.
January 2016 in “Journal of chemical and pharmaceutical research” The study reported that both ethanol and water extracts of pakis munding roots significantly promoted hair growth in male rabbits, showing better results than the marketed hair growth drug minoxidil.
11 citations
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April 2025 in “Pharmaceutics” In this review, researchers explore various treatment options for alopecia, focusing on nano-drug delivery systems using plant-based substances, which are potentially effective and less harmful than current treatments, while also highlighting emerging trends such as 3D bioprinting and plant extracts for future therapies.
November 2025 in “Journal of English Language and Education” In this study, researchers found that a hair tonic formulated with 2% guava leaf extract demonstrated strong consumer acceptance and safe physicochemical characteristics among university students, showing potential as a natural alternative for reducing hair loss.
September 2025 in “Jurnal Ilmu Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Indonesia” The study found that a pomade containing bay leaf extract significantly promoted hair growth in New Zealand White rabbits, with the 30% extract formula demonstrating the highest growth compared to lower concentrations and a control without extract.
December 2024 in “Tropical Journal of Natural Product Research” This study aimed to enhance the skin penetration of brown algae fucoidan using a Nanostructured Lipid Carrier, achieving a formulation with good physical quality and stability.
May 2024 in “Jurnal Penelitian Farmasi dan Herbal” In this experimental study on rabbits, the authors concluded that a pomade containing 10% meniran leaf extract was an effective hair growth stimulant and could compete with a positive control, fulfilling the required pomade characteristics.
April 2023 in “Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia” In this study using New Zealand White rabbits, a nanoemulsion combining candlenut oil and celery powder improved hair growth over 28 days, showing greater hair weight and thickness than both positive and negative controls, suggesting potential as an alopecia treatment.
August 2023 in “Health Sciences and Pharmacy Journal” In this review, researchers identified 10 natural plants, including candlenut and clove, that have shown potential to inhibit alopecia progression and stimulate hair growth due to their diverse phytochemical and pharmacological properties in vitro and in vivo.
November 2024 in “Majalah Farmasetika” In this study, the researchers explored a hair dye gel formulated with Indonesian native plant extracts and found it produced stable brown shades on bleached hair, with the most preferred dark brown achieved at a 12% concentration, and showed no skin irritation.
1 citations
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January 2024 in “Journal of applied pharmaceutical science” This study investigated bacterial isolates from Xylocarpus sp. mangrove fruit and found that these symbiotic bacteria exhibit antibacterial, antifungal, and hair follicle growth properties, suggesting potential applications in the cosmetic bioindustry, particularly for treating alopecia.
November 2017 in “Asian journal of pharmaceutical and clinical research” This study predicted that 6-hydroxy genistein, coreximine, and scoulerine from Dadap leaves may act as anti-alopecia agents by interacting with JAK2, but further in-vivo testing is needed.
May 2026 in “Scientific Reports” This study found that kukui nut oil (AMS oil) promotes hair growth in human hair follicle cultures by increasing PGF2α levels and activating Nrf2 signaling, and a human trial confirmed its efficacy in enhancing eyelash growth.