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Fresh plasma transfusions did not help treat Leiner disease in an infant.

The document explains different hair and scalp conditions, including common hair loss after pregnancy or illness, drug-induced hair loss, hereditary excessive hair growth, patterned baldness, autoimmune hair loss, and permanent loss due to skin disease, with generally limited treatment options.

Netherton syndrome can cause severe dehydration, infections, and growth issues in infants.

The document concludes that permanent hair loss conditions are complex, require early specific treatments, and "secondary permanent alopecias" might be a more accurate term than "secondary cicatricial alopecia."

The document concludes that managing PCOS involves lifestyle changes, medication, and monitoring for associated health risks.

The vitamin D receptor is crucial for bone health and affects various body systems, with mutations potentially leading to disease.

Hair loss can indicate underlying systemic diseases and addressing these can sometimes reverse the hair loss.

Eph/ephrin signaling is important for skin cell behavior and could be targeted to treat skin diseases.

Most hair loss in children is caused by a few common conditions, and it's important to diagnose these properly and support the child's mental health.

Trichoscopy can diagnose monilethrix, a genetic hair defect causing hair thinning and loss.

Twisted hair is rare in severe anorexia nervosa, found in only 2 out of 30 patients.

The guide helps doctors diagnose hair problems by suggesting a thorough patient history, physical exams, and various diagnostic tools.

The clinical signs of Adams-Oliver syndrome can vary greatly, even among family members.

New genes and pathways are important for testosterone production and male sexual development.

Congenital triangular alopecia is a hair loss condition present from birth or early childhood with no effective treatment needed.

5α-reductase-2 deficiency causes ambiguous genitalia at birth and affects male sexual development, but individuals often develop male characteristics at puberty.

PTHrP is important for bone formation and may be targeted for osteoporosis treatment and longevity therapies.

Children with partial biotinidase deficiency are healthy at birth but may develop symptoms that improve with biotin therapy.

Notch/CSL signaling controls hair follicle differentiation through Wnt5a and FoxN1.

Congenital atrichia is a rare condition where children are born without hair, and treatment is often ineffective.

The review suggests that other immune cells besides CD8+ T cells may contribute to alopecia areata and that targeting regulatory cell defects could improve treatment.

Some children are born with unusually short, fine hair because their hair growth phase is short, but this often gets better by itself during puberty.

A specific mutation in the K25 gene causes a rare genetic disorder with curly hair at birth and later hair loss, along with dental issues.

A 5-year-old girl has sparse, dry, and brittle hair but is otherwise healthy.

Alopecia areata is relatively common in children, has a variable course, and shows different responses to treatment; thyroid testing is recommended for those affected.

The document concludes that the girl's hairlessness is likely inherited from her parents.

A boy and his father with hereditary hypotrichosis simplex were treated for hair loss, but the treatment result is unknown.

An 8-year-old girl has a rare, irreversible hair loss condition caused by a genetic mutation.

A woman with CHILD syndrome showed skin abnormalities, and the report suggests CHILD nevus and NEVIL might be the same condition, highlighting the need for diagnosis for genetic advice.

The research shows that a gene called Wnt3 affects hair growth and structure, causing short hair and balding when overactive.