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Glossary Anagen Hair Follicles

phase where hair actively grows

Anagen hair follicles, also known as growing hair follicles or active hair follicles, are in the phase of the hair growth cycle where the hair is actively growing. This phase can last anywhere from 2 to 7 years, during which the hair shaft is continuously produced by the follicle, resulting in longer hair. This is the most prolonged phase of the hair cycle and is crucial for determining the length of the hair.

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research Methods in hair research: how to objectively distinguish between anagen and catagen in human hair follicle organ culture

132 citations , September 2009 in “Experimental Dermatology”

This study introduced a new classification system for distinguishing between anagen VI and early catagen stages in human hair follicle organ culture, using it to confirm eflornithine's ability to induce premature catagen.

research 17α‐estradiol induces aromatase activity in intact human anagen hair follicles ex vivo

94 citations , August 2002 in “Experimental Dermatology”

This study found that 17α‐estradiol increases aromatase activity in female hair follicles, which may explain its beneficial effects in treating androgenetic alopecia.

research Peptidylarginine Deiminase Isoforms Are Differentially Expressed in the Anagen Hair Follicles and Other Human Skin Appendages

71 citations , June 2005 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

This study demonstrates that PAD1 and PAD3 are involved in hair follicle differentiation, while PAD1 and PAD2 may play a role in the physiology of sweat glands and arrector pili muscles.

research Prostanoid receptors in anagen human hair follicles

39 citations , November 2007 in “Experimental dermatology”

This study found that prostaglandin receptors are widely expressed in hair follicles, suggesting a complex network of prostanoid pathways involved in hair growth control.

research Expression of the Orphan Protein Plet-1 during Trichilemmal Differentiation of Anagen Hair Follicles

30 citations , February 2010 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

This study found that the orphan protein Plet-1 is expressed in specific keratinocytes of mouse hair follicles and may regulate keratinocyte interactions with inert tissues by affecting migration and adhesion.

research Immunofluorescence analysis of the basement membrane zone components in human anagen hair follicles

29 citations , July 2003 in “Experimental Dermatology”

This study found that in anagen hair follicles, the basement membrane zone components showed decreased expression in the lower hair bulb, with a complete absence of BP230 at the dermal papilla junction, suggesting an incomplete hemidesmosome structure in these regions.

Topical Application of Cyclosporin A Induces Rapid Remodeling of Damaged Anagen Hair Follicles in Cyclophosphamide-Administered Mice

research Topical application of cyclosporin A induces rapid-remodeling of damaged anagen hair follicles produced in cyclophosphamide administered mice

24 citations , September 2001 in “Journal of Dermatological Science”

This study found that cyclophosphamide-induced hair follicle damage in C3H mice could be remodelled into intact anagen hair follicles with topical cyclosporin A, especially in anagen IV stage follicles.

research Integrated analysis of lncRNAs and mRNAs by RNA-Seq in secondary hair follicle development and cycling (anagen, catagen and telogen) of Jiangnan cashmere goat (Capra hircus)

24 citations , May 2022 in “BMC Veterinary Research”

This study identified key mRNAs and lncRNAs, along with related pathways, that play potentially important roles in hair follicle development and cycling in cashmere goats.

research Anagen hair follicle repair: Timely regenerative attempts from plastic extra‐bulge epithelial cells

18 citations , January 2019 in “Experimental Dermatology”

This study suggests that damaged anagen hair follicles have the capability to repair themselves and resume growth by mobilizing extra-bulge epithelial cells, particularly after injuries like chemotherapy and radiotherapy.

research Effect of mycophenolic acid on proliferation of dermal papilla cells and induction of anagen hair follicles

16 citations , March 2015 in “Clinical and experimental dermatology”

This study found that mycophenolic acid promotes dermal papilla cell proliferation and anagen hair follicle induction in mice, suggesting potential as a treatment for hair-loss disorders.

research Expression of mesenchymal stem cell marker CD90 on dermal sheath cells of the anagen hair follicle in canine species

15 citations , September 2009 in “European Journal of Histochemistry”

This study found that CD90+ cells, resembling mesenchymal stem cells, are abundantly present in the lower part of anagen hair follicles in dogs.

research Glycoconjugate expression of cells of human anagen hair follicles during keratinization

12 citations , September 1990 in “The Anatomical Record”

This study found that distinct glycoconjugate expression patterns in human hair follicle cells suggest complex carbohydrate metabolism, revealing a unique sugar moiety in outer root sheath cells not present in other keratinocytes.

research Hair Follicle Chemosensation: TRPM5 Signaling Is Required for Anagen Maintenance

12 citations , March 2021 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

TRPM5 is crucial for maintaining hair growth.

research Pattern of expression of c-Myc, Max and Bin1 in human anagen hair follicles

11 citations , June 2001 in “British Journal of Dermatology”

This study found that asynchronous differentiation in human anagen hair follicles involves specific localization of c-Myc and interrelated genes Max and Bin1 along the inner root sheath.

In Vitro Methodology, Hormonal and Nutritional Effects, and Fiber Production in Isolated Ovine and Caprine Anagen Hair Follicles

research In vitro methodology, hormonal and nutritional effects and fibre production in isolated ovine and caprine anagen hair follicles

7 citations , January 2010 in “Animal”

This review discusses studies on hair growth and protein synthesis in hair follicles, highlighting the differing responses of mohair and cashmere goat follicles to signaling molecules, biotin, and amino acids, but contains no new results.

research Anagen hair follicles transplanted into mature human scars remodel fibrotic tissue

6 citations , January 2023 in “npj regenerative medicine”

This study found that transplanting hair follicles into human scars may remodel fibrotic tissue and reduce scarring by altering collagen structure and decreasing pro-fibrotic factors.

research [An immunohistochemical study on cell differentiation in the outer root sheath of the normal human anagen hair follicles with antikeratin monoclonal antibodies].

6 citations , December 1990 in “PubMed”

This study examined the expression patterns of various cytokeratins in the outer root sheath of human anagen hair follicles, noting distinct differentiation patterns and localization of keratin markers.

research Expression of mesenchymal stem cell marker CD90 on dermal sheath cells of the anagen hair follicle in canine species

6 citations , September 2009 in “European journal of histochemistry”

This study found that CD90+ stem cells with fibroblast-like morphology are present in the lower part of the anagen hair follicle in dogs.

research Ultrastructural evidence for anagen hair follicle infection with SARS‐CoV‐2 in early‐onset COVID‐19 effluvium

3 citations , June 2022 in “Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology”

This study describes the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in hair follicles from a patient with early-onset post-COVID hair loss, suggesting a potential direct impact of the virus on hair physiology.

research Anagen Hair Follicles Transplanted into Mature Human Scars Remodel Fibrotic Tissue

1 citations , January 2021 in “SSRN Electronic Journal”

In this pilot study, the researchers observed that transplanting anagen hair follicles into human scars can promote remodeling of fibrotic tissue and inhibit pro-fibrotic factors, offering potential new treatments for mature scars.

research Effect of Minoxidil Sulfate on the Growth of Human Anagen Hair Follicles Grown in Collagen Gels, and on the Colony Growth of Human Cultured Outer Root Sheath Cells in vitro.

1 citations , January 1992 in “The Nishinihon Journal of Dermatology”

This study found that minoxidil sulfate did not enhance hair follicle growth or cell proliferation in isolated human hair follicles at concentrations of 0.1, 1, and 10 μg/ml.

Co-Expression Pattern of VEGFR-2 With Indicators Related to Proliferation, Apoptosis, and Differentiation of Anagen Hair Follicles

research The co-expression pattern of VEGFR-2 with indicators related to proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation of anagen hair follicles

January 2023 in “Open Life Sciences”

This study found that VEGFR-2 activation may play a role in hair follicle differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis by co-expressing with several key proteins in normal human scalp skin.

research 551 Combining Laser Capture Microdissection and RNAseq Analysis to Generate a Human Anagen Hair Follicle Transcriptome Atlas

November 2022 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

This study generated a transcriptomic map of human hair follicles, identifying compartment-specific gene expression profiles that can aid in developing targeted therapies for hair follicle disorders.

Co-Expression Pattern of Artemis Serine 516 Phosphorylation with Indicators in Differentiation, Proliferation, and Apoptosis of Human Anagen Hair Follicles: An Immunofluorescence Double-Staining Study

research Co-Expression Pattern of Artemis Serine 516 Phosphorylation with Indicators Involving in Differentiation, Proliferation and Apoptosis of Human Anagen Hair Follicles: An Immunofluorescence Double-Staining Study

January 2023 in “Frontiers in bioscience”

This study suggests that Artemis, particularly phosphorylated at serine 516, may have roles in hair follicle growth by influencing differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, and cell cycling.

research Single-Cell Transcriptomic Identification of a Proliferative Intermediate State During Early Anagen Hair Follicle Regeneration

August 2026 in “Genes”

This study identified a proliferative intermediate transcriptional state associated with the transition from secondary hair germ cells to lower hair follicle-associated cells during early hair follicle regeneration in mice.

research 731 Generation of a laser capture microdissection and RNAseq-based human anagen hair follicle transcriptome atlas

July 2022 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

In this study, researchers created a comprehensive transcriptome map of human hair follicle compartments, identifying compartment-specific genes and providing a resource for potential therapeutic interventions.

research Ultrastructural Study on Connective Tissue-Epithelial Junctions in Anagen Hair Follicle of Human Fetus

January 1997 in “Han-guk hyeonmigyeong hakoeji/Applied microscopy”

This study observed that the mechanical connection between hair follicles and connective tissue in human fetal scalp skin is weaker than in the corresponding skin components, reflecting dynamic processes in hair growth.

research Mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) may modulate the timing of anagen entry in mouse hair follicles

28 citations , November 2012 in “Experimental dermatology”

This study suggests that mTORC1 may play a role in regulating the timing of hair growth cycle phases, particularly the initiation of the anagen phase.

research Morus alba Root Extract Induces the Anagen Phase in the Human Hair Follicle Dermal Papilla Cells

28 citations , July 2021 in “Pharmaceutics”

This study found that Morus alba root extract activates β-catenin in hair follicle dermal papilla cells, promoting the transition to the anagen phase and enhancing hair growth factor secretion.

research Histochemistry of the human hair follicle with consideration of anagen phases I to VI

18 citations , June 1992 in “Acta Histochemica”

Human hair follicles have a unique cell distribution and differentiation pattern during growth.