441 citations,
May 2008 in “British Journal of Pharmacology” Anabolic steroids can build muscle and strength but have risks and need more research on their clinical benefits and side effects.
38 citations,
September 2019 in “Chinese Medical Journal” Using steroids can increase the risk of heart problems.
21 citations,
February 2021 in “BMJ case reports” Anabolic steroid users may face higher risk of severe COVID-19.
11 citations,
November 2009 in “Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology/The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology” Bolandiol, a synthetic steroid, builds muscle and bone without greatly affecting sex glands, and works differently from other hormones.
2 citations,
December 2020 in “Phytomedicine plus” Taking Saw palmetto and Pygeum africana can change the levels of certain steroids in urine, which could cause confusion in doping tests.
2 citations,
June 2022 in “대한스포츠의학회지” Anabolic steroids boost muscle growth, SARMs increase muscle mass and bone density without side effects, and myostatin inhibitors block a protein that stops muscle growth, but each has potential risks.
2 citations,
January 2021 in “Cureus” Long-term anabolic steroid use can lead to heart and metabolic health issues.
March 2024 in “Egyptian Journal of Veterinary Science” Nandrolone decanoate damages the heart, liver, and kidneys.
August 2023 in “Medicina-lithuania” Abusing steroids can damage your heart, muscles, reproductive system, liver, skin, and brain, and may increase the risk of Alzheimer's disease.
34 citations,
September 2009 in “International Journal of Dermatology” Using anabolic-androgenic steroids can cause skin problems like acne and hair loss in athletes.
19 citations,
June 2021 in “The world journal of men's health” Using anabolic-androgenic steroids can harm men's reproductive health and increase the risk of heart problems and death.
16 citations,
August 1992 in “PubMed” Anabolic-androgenic steroids can cause skin issues like acne and oily skin by enlarging oil glands and changing skin oils.
9 citations,
March 2019 in “European Journal of Sport Science” New signs like changes in blood markers, physical symptoms, and behavioral shifts may help detect hidden steroid use in athletes.
March 2017 in “Iraqi Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences” Abuse of anabolic steroids in Iraqi athletes leads to negative effects on hormones, liver and kidney function, blood sugar, and cholesterol levels.
January 2018 in “Medicinski pregled” Using high doses and multiple drugs with steroids is risky and should be prevented.
15 citations,
August 2016 in “Current Urology Reports” Nandrolone and oxandrolone could help treat male health issues like muscle loss and low testosterone.
61 citations,
September 1970 in “Journal of the American Geriatrics Society” Anabolic steroids may help prevent aging effects by reducing toxicity, not by their usual functions.
2 citations,
November 2012 in “InTech eBooks” The document concludes that sex hormones are crucial for mammalian reproduction, health, and behavior, and require more research for therapeutic use.
1 citations,
January 2015 in “Hair therapy & transplantation” Some supplements and hormones can increase hair loss by raising DHT levels.
55 citations,
July 1999 in “Clinics in Sports Medicine” Athletes use steroids to enhance performance despite health risks and legal issues, and education on their dangers is needed.
25 citations,
June 2017 in “Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology” Using anabolic androgenic steroids can cause serious, lasting health problems in many parts of the body.
7 citations,
February 2006 in “Clinical and Experimental Dermatology” Using anabolic steroids 'Sus' and 'Deca' for bodybuilding caused severe acne in a man.
3 citations,
January 2016 in “Elsevier eBooks” Steroid hormones are crucial for body functions and have various medical uses, but their misuse can lead to dependence.
15 citations,
October 2010 in “Archives of Toxicology” A yeast-based test can detect the steroid methyltestosterone in urine longer than traditional methods.
2 citations,
April 2019 in “Journal of Internal Medicine” Men using steroids or finasteride to look more attractive may harm their fertility and sexual function, creating a paradox where they seem fit but may be less able to reproduce.
22 citations,
November 2011 in “Journal of Analytical Toxicology” Scientists have developed a new method to detect steroid abuse in athletes using cell-based tests, which could be the future of anti-doping methods.
11 citations,
July 2015 in “Gene” DHT affects bone growth by altering gene activity in osteoblasts, potentially complicating steroid use.
103 citations,
June 2006 in “British journal of sports medicine” The document concludes that better biomarkers are needed to detect long-term oral testosterone use in athletes.
72 citations,
October 1998 in “Baillière's clinical endocrinology and metabolism” Long-term testosterone therapy can cause hormone suppression, affect prostate and heart health, and alter physical characteristics, but does not increase prostate cancer risk and needs more research for full risk assessment.
54 citations,
October 2010 in “Clinics in dermatology” Diet, especially dairy and high-sugar foods, can cause acne.