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Glossary Adverse Drug Reactions

unintended, harmful effects from normal medication use

Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) are unintended, harmful effects that occur when a medication is administered at normal doses for prevention, diagnosis, or treatment. These reactions can range from mild side effects, like nausea, to severe outcomes, such as organ damage or life-threatening conditions. Understanding and monitoring ADRs is crucial for both healthcare providers and patients to ensure safe and effective use of medications.

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research Adverse cutaneous reactions to soft tissue fillers – a review of the histological features

97 citations , May 2008 in “Journal of Cutaneous Pathology”

This review highlights the challenges in identifying histological features of adverse reactions to soft tissue fillers and emphasizes the need for increased awareness due to product uncertainty and delayed reactions.

research Adverse Reactions to Oral Retinoids An Update

53 citations , October 1993 in “Drug Safety”

Oral retinoids can cause side effects ranging from mild to severe, including birth defects, and require careful monitoring and contraception.

research Adverse Drug Reactions in HIV/AIDS Patients on Highly Active Antiretro Viral Therapy: A Review of Prevalence

24 citations , November 2023 in “NEWPORT INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC AND EXPERIMENTAL SCIENCES”

This article reviews the various short- and long-term side effects of antiretroviral therapy for HIV, highlighting issues like dyslipidemia and hypertension, but reports no new clinical results.

research Adverse Reaction to Cetuximab, an Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Inhibitor.

5 citations , April 2016 in “PubMed”

This article discusses common skin side effects of EGFR inhibitors like cetuximab, noting their management remains based on clinical experience without strict therapy protocols, but provides no new clinical findings.

research Adverse Reactions Following Intradermal Injection of Exosome‐Based Formulations: A Case Series

4 citations , October 2025 in “Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology”

This study reported severe and persistent skin reactions, including inflammation and scarring, after intradermal injections of unregulated exosome-based products, highlighting potential risks in aesthetic dermatology.

research Adverse Reactions to Biologic Medications Used in Allergy and Immunology Diseases

2 citations , October 2022 in “Current Allergy and Asthma Reports”

This review outlines the various adverse reactions to biologic therapies in Allergy/Immunology, emphasizing the clinical and management challenges due to overlapping reaction phenotypes and the need for more refined diagnostic and management strategies.

research Adverse reaction to isotretinoin: alteration of the hair shaft structure

January 2022 in “Surgical & Cosmetic Dermatology”

This case report described a rare instance of new curly hair growth in a patient undergoing isotretinoin treatment for acne vulgaris, highlighting the potential for isotretinoin to alter hair fiber curvature.

research Adverse Reactions to Enemas

February 1976 in “JAMA”

This letter highlights that septicemia or bacteremic shock can be a complication of enemas in elderly men with prostate infections.

research Adverse Cutaneous Reactions to Antipsychotics

64 citations , January 2002 in “American Journal of Clinical Dermatology”

This review examines the adverse skin reactions associated with antipsychotic medications and reports no new clinical findings, but suggests discussing management strategies to improve patient compliance.

research Adverse Cutaneous Reactions to Mood Stabilizers

47 citations , January 2003 in “American Journal of Clinical Dermatology”

This article discusses the potential for severe adverse cutaneous drug reactions with mood-stabilizing agents, emphasizing the importance of monitoring and patient communication, but reports no new clinical findings.

research Adverse Cutaneous Reactions to Antidepressants

44 citations , January 2002 in “American Journal of Clinical Dermatology”

This review discusses adverse cutaneous drug reactions associated with antidepressants and provides guidance on managing these reactions, but it reports no new clinical findings; the authors recommend cautious use and alternative treatment if reactions occur.

Adverse Cutaneous Reactions to the New Second-Generation Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (Dasatinib, Nilotinib) in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia

research Adverse cutaneous reactions to the new second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors (dasatinib, nilotinib) in chronic myeloid leukemia

25 citations , November 2013 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology”

This study observed that 71% of chronic myeloid leukemia patients treated with second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors experienced adverse cutaneous reactions, which were generally less severe than those caused by imatinib.

Cutaneous Adverse Reactions Linked to Targeted Anticancer Therapies Bortezomib and Lenalidomide for Multiple Myeloma: New Drugs, Old Side Effects

research Cutaneous adverse reactions linked to targeted anticancer therapies bortezomib and lenalidomide for multiple myeloma: new drugs, old side effects

18 citations , May 2013 in “Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology”

This study suggests that cutaneous adverse reactions to bortezomib and lenalidomide are more frequent than reported, impacting patients' quality of life and may require dermatological consultation for proper management.

research Adverse cutaneous reactions to chemotherapeutic agents and cytokine therapy

18 citations , December 1996 in “Seminars in Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery”

This article reviews adverse skin reactions caused by chemotherapy and cytokine treatments, describing specific and nonspecific reactions, but reports no new clinical findings.

research Adverse Systemic Reaction to Dinitrochlorobenzene

14 citations , June 1982 in “Archives of Dermatology”

This letter to the editor shares concerns about possible systemic effects from topical dinitrochlorobenzene therapy in a 25-year-old man treating alopecia areata.

research Spontaneous cutaneous adverse drug reaction reports—An analysis of a 10‐year dataset in Singapore

13 citations , March 2019 in “Pharmacology Research & Perspectives”

This study analyzed CADR reports in Singapore, finding nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, antibiotics, and iohexol frequently associated with serious skin reactions like rash and angioedema, with trends varying by demographics.

research Cutaneous Adverse Drug Reactions (CADRs) to COVID19 vaccines: A case series

3 citations , January 2023 in “Indian Dermatology Online Journal”

This study reported a series of mild to moderate cutaneous adverse drug reactions following COVID-19 vaccination, predominantly after Covishield, with only one requiring hospitalization.

research Adverse Hair Reactions to New Targeted Therapies for Cancer

1 citations , March 2019 in “Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas”

This review discusses the adverse effects on hair associated with targeted cancer therapies and reports no new clinical results; it emphasizes the need for comprehensive documentation of these effects.

research Risks Associated with 5α-Reductase Inhibitor Use: Analysis of Adverse Drug Reactions Reported to EudraVigilance

June 2026 in “Pharmaceuticals”

This study found that while 5α-reductase inhibitors like finasteride had many serious, unresolved adverse drug reactions, some were not listed in the existing product information.

Incretin-Based Drugs for Obesity: Common and Drug-Specific Reporting Patterns of Adverse Drug Reactions—A Comparative Disproportionality Analysis Using EudraVigilance Reports Integrating SmPC Data

research Incretin-Based Drugs for Obesity: Common and Drug-Specific Reporting Patterns of Adverse Drug Reactions—A Comparative Disproportionality Analysis Using EudraVigilance Reports Integrating SmPC Data

May 2026 in “Pharmaceuticals”

This study analyzed safety data for semaglutide, liraglutide, and tirzepatide from the EudraVigilance database, identifying potential safety signals not listed in current SmPCs, such as optic ischemic neuropathy and pancreatitis, underscoring the importance of ongoing pharmacovigilance.

research KRDQN: An Interpretable Prediction Framework for Adverse Drug Reactions via Knowledge–Graph Reinforced Deep Q-Learning

February 2026 in “Pharmaceuticals”

This study introduced the KRDQN predictive framework, which outperformed existing methods in predicting adverse drug reactions and provided interpretable insights into drug mechanisms, aiding pharmacovigilance and clinical decision-making.

Effectiveness and Adverse Drug Reaction Mechanisms Associated With Valproic Acid Use: A Cross-Sectional Prospective Study in Indonesia

research Effectiveness and Adverse Drug Reaction Mechanisms Associated with Valproic Acid Use: A Cross-Sectional Prospective Study in Indonesia

March 2025 in “Biomedical & Pharmacology Journal”

This observational study found that while 96.6% of patients using valproic acid showed the expected clinical response, over half experienced adverse reactions like weight gain, hair loss, and hepatotoxicity, highlighting the need for personalized treatment approaches to minimize these side effects.

research Drug utilization pattern and adverse drug reactions of chemotherapy in pediatric patients at Muhimbili National Hospital, Tanzania

1 citations , April 2022 in “F1000Research”

This study found that pediatric cancer patients at Muhimbili National Hospital commonly experienced adverse drug reactions during chemotherapy, despite drug prescribing patterns aligning with essential medicine lists.

Ayurveda and Bioactives as Adjuvant for DNA Modulation in Cancer Treatment and Adverse Drug Reaction – A Glimpse of Traditional Indian Nanotechnology

research Ayurveda & Bioactives as Adjuvant for Dna Modulation in Cancer Treatment & Adverse Drug Reaction [ADR] – A Glimpse of Traditional Indian Nanotechnology

March 2024 in “Qeios”

This study suggests that bioactives like Curcumin, Quercetin, and "Tulsi" may relieve chemotherapy-induced adverse drug reactions in cancer patients, potentially reducing resistance and recurrence.

research Referee report. For: Drug utilization pattern and adverse drug reactions of chemotherapy in pediatric patients at Muhimbili National Hospital, Tanzania [version 1; peer review: 1 approved, 1 approved with reservations]

January 2024 in “Faculty of 1000 Research Ltd”

In this study, researchers at Muhimbili National Hospital observed that pediatric cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy frequently experienced adverse drug reactions, such as nausea and vomiting, hair loss, and neutropenia, despite drug prescribing patterns aligning with the essential medicine list.

research [Adverse drug reactions on hair].

December 1990 in “PubMed”

This review discusses various adverse drug reactions affecting hair, such as hair loss, hypertrichosis, and color changes, and emphasizes their generally reversible nature if the causative drug is discontinued.

research Identification of drug-specific public TCR driving severe cutaneous adverse reactions

88 citations , August 2019 in “Nature communications”

In this study, researchers identified a specific T cell receptor associated with carbamazepine-induced severe cutaneous adverse reactions, demonstrating its potential for therapeutic development in patients with the HLA-B*15:02 genotype.

Immunologic Adverse Reactions of Beta-Blockers and the Skin: A Review

research Immunologic adverse reactions of β-blockers and the skin (Review)

31 citations , April 2019 in “Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine”

This review focuses on the immunologic-based skin conditions that can result from β-blocker use, emphasizing potential adverse dermatologic effects rather than their therapeutic benefits.

research Severe adverse reaction induced by albendazole and praziquantel for cystic echinococcosis

5 citations , January 2023 in “IDCases”

In this case report, a 45-year-old man developed acute fatal pancytopenia and other severe adverse reactions 10 days after starting albendazole and praziquantel for pulmonary cystic echinococcosis.

Suspected Adverse Reactions to Medications and Food Supplements Containing Serenoa Repens: A Worldwide Analysis of Pharmacovigilance and Phytovigilance Spontaneous Reports

research Suspected adverse reactions to medications and food supplements containing Serenoa repens: A worldwide analysis of pharmacovigilance and phytovigilance spontaneous reports

2 citations , July 2023 in “Phytotherapy Research”

This study found that people taking Serenoa repens for more than 14 days had a higher likelihood of serious adverse reactions, particularly when also using multiple or interacting supplements, although higher SR doses were linked to lower risk.